1 00:00:20,390 --> 00:00:17,500 [Music] 2 00:00:22,730 --> 00:00:20,400 hey everybody welcome to another episode 3 00:00:25,339 --> 00:00:22,740 of NASA and Silicon Valley live 4 00:00:26,929 --> 00:00:25,349 I'm your host Abbey Taber and if this is 5 00:00:28,730 --> 00:00:26,939 your first time joining us NASA and 6 00:00:30,589 --> 00:00:28,740 Silicon Valley live is a conversational 7 00:00:33,319 --> 00:00:30,599 show out of NASA's Ames Research Center 8 00:00:36,050 --> 00:00:33,329 where we talk about all the nerdy NASA 9 00:00:39,770 --> 00:00:36,060 news you need to know so I have here 10 00:00:42,290 --> 00:00:39,780 today our old friend Tiffany hi everyone 11 00:00:44,660 --> 00:00:42,300 I am your co-host Tiffany Blake if he 12 00:00:47,780 --> 00:00:44,670 didn't know we are live on twitch 13 00:00:49,310 --> 00:00:47,790 YouTube Facebook and periscope but if 14 00:00:51,470 --> 00:00:49,320 you want to participate in the chat and 15 00:00:55,660 --> 00:00:51,480 ask our guests questions there's only 16 00:01:00,740 --> 00:00:59,210 www.twitch.tv/esa yeah and I know you're 17 00:01:03,830 --> 00:01:00,750 gonna have a lot of questions because 18 00:01:06,109 --> 00:01:03,840 today we are talking about air taxis and 19 00:01:07,850 --> 00:01:06,119 the future of urban transport and we 20 00:01:11,359 --> 00:01:07,860 have a couple of awesome guests here to 21 00:01:13,280 --> 00:01:11,369 tell us all about that hey guys hey why 22 00:01:15,380 --> 00:01:13,290 don't you tell everybody your name and 23 00:01:17,690 --> 00:01:15,390 what you do here sure hey everyone I'm 24 00:01:19,940 --> 00:01:17,700 Siobhan Dooley I'm an aerospace research 25 00:01:21,440 --> 00:01:19,950 engineer and I do research on new 26 00:01:24,709 --> 00:01:21,450 aircraft and how they enter our airspace 27 00:01:26,719 --> 00:01:24,719 awesome and I'm Joey I'm a research 28 00:01:29,389 --> 00:01:26,729 aerospace engineer and I look at new 29 00:01:32,959 --> 00:01:29,399 ways to manage air traffic okay a good 30 00:01:34,580 --> 00:01:32,969 team so Abby before we get into the show 31 00:01:37,129 --> 00:01:34,590 how about we remind our audience about 32 00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:37,139 our really cool clock here yeah yeah for 33 00:01:43,340 --> 00:01:40,170 sure this is our moon countdown clock 34 00:01:46,429 --> 00:01:43,350 where we are counting down the next five 35 00:01:49,010 --> 00:01:46,439 years to 2024 when we're planning to 36 00:01:51,440 --> 00:01:49,020 send humans to the moon as part of the 37 00:01:53,870 --> 00:01:51,450 Artemis program so this clock is 38 00:01:57,440 --> 00:01:53,880 counting down the days hours minutes and 39 00:01:59,389 --> 00:01:57,450 seconds to 2024 when the first woman and 40 00:02:00,340 --> 00:01:59,399 the next man will walk on the moon's 41 00:02:03,499 --> 00:02:00,350 South Pole 42 00:02:04,969 --> 00:02:03,509 so what exactly get excited for that and 43 00:02:10,490 --> 00:02:04,979 if you want to learn more you can go to 44 00:02:13,339 --> 00:02:10,500 nasa.gov slash artemis but for now let's 45 00:02:15,650 --> 00:02:13,349 get into the topic of the day right yeah 46 00:02:19,030 --> 00:02:15,660 can you guys start off by telling us how 47 00:02:21,980 --> 00:02:19,040 is NASA reimagining urban transportation 48 00:02:23,750 --> 00:02:21,990 yeah so there's um this new concept 49 00:02:25,910 --> 00:02:23,760 that's come about it's called urban air 50 00:02:28,540 --> 00:02:25,920 mobility so you might hear us call it um 51 00:02:29,890 --> 00:02:28,550 okay so what is like UAM yeah right so 52 00:02:32,649 --> 00:02:29,900 one can 53 00:02:34,899 --> 00:02:32,659 and above them an air to air traffic 54 00:02:38,080 --> 00:02:34,909 management system that has everything 55 00:02:40,420 --> 00:02:38,090 from small delivery drones to passenger 56 00:02:43,990 --> 00:02:40,430 carrying air taxis flying safely and 57 00:02:46,509 --> 00:02:44,000 efficiently above urban centers or you 58 00:02:48,069 --> 00:02:46,519 know almost above anywhere almost every 59 00:02:49,630 --> 00:02:48,079 day and that's that vision that we're 60 00:02:52,839 --> 00:02:49,640 really trying to enable where we have 61 00:02:55,300 --> 00:02:52,849 new aircraft new entrants making our 62 00:02:57,880 --> 00:02:55,310 lives easier yeah by providing functions 63 00:03:00,610 --> 00:02:57,890 that we all really need ok amazing so 64 00:03:02,589 --> 00:03:00,620 how did we get here what like what led 65 00:03:05,740 --> 00:03:02,599 to this moment we're working on this now 66 00:03:08,229 --> 00:03:05,750 yeah so industry has really been pushing 67 00:03:11,140 --> 00:03:08,239 things forward there's folks know right 68 00:03:12,670 --> 00:03:11,150 as you we have automobiles and as 69 00:03:14,770 --> 00:03:12,680 automobiles have been moving and 70 00:03:17,259 --> 00:03:14,780 developing you have this new advent of 71 00:03:19,539 --> 00:03:17,269 electric yeah electric cars right so 72 00:03:21,759 --> 00:03:19,549 that same technology can now actually 73 00:03:24,610 --> 00:03:21,769 also be applied to aircraft so we have 74 00:03:27,160 --> 00:03:24,620 electric propulsion for aircraft so just 75 00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:27,170 like you have this new clean and 76 00:03:32,500 --> 00:03:30,170 efficient way of providing transport for 77 00:03:34,599 --> 00:03:32,510 vehicles this new clean electric 78 00:03:37,689 --> 00:03:34,609 transport can be applied for aircraft ok 79 00:03:39,789 --> 00:03:37,699 so we have new automation also that's 80 00:03:41,530 --> 00:03:39,799 coming into play so new control systems 81 00:03:43,150 --> 00:03:41,540 that are onboard vehicles and it's 82 00:03:45,309 --> 00:03:43,160 really that combination of those two 83 00:03:47,559 --> 00:03:45,319 things electric propulsion technology 84 00:03:50,649 --> 00:03:47,569 plus automation has really led us 85 00:03:51,970 --> 00:03:50,659 towards this new kind of mode of 86 00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:51,980 transportation that we're really excited 87 00:03:56,229 --> 00:03:54,650 ok awesome awesome so these air taxis 88 00:03:58,930 --> 00:03:56,239 you've been describing I think you came 89 00:04:00,309 --> 00:03:58,940 with an image of an example yeah right 90 00:04:02,319 --> 00:04:00,319 ok let's let's bring that up and you can 91 00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:02,329 talk to us about what we're seeing sure 92 00:04:08,589 --> 00:04:06,530 cool so this is a concept vehicle this 93 00:04:11,020 --> 00:04:08,599 is what we call an electric vertical 94 00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:11,030 takeoff and landing vehicle you can see 95 00:04:17,680 --> 00:04:14,090 it has four rotors two on each side so 96 00:04:19,390 --> 00:04:17,690 what's a rotor a rotor are blades that 97 00:04:21,339 --> 00:04:19,400 spin to help generate lift kind of like 98 00:04:24,129 --> 00:04:21,349 a helicopter okay right so helicopter 99 00:04:26,230 --> 00:04:24,139 you typically have one rotor above and 100 00:04:27,939 --> 00:04:26,240 then you have a tail rotor behind and so 101 00:04:30,969 --> 00:04:27,949 what these rotors do is they provide 102 00:04:33,339 --> 00:04:30,979 lift this is just one configuration of a 103 00:04:35,800 --> 00:04:33,349 potential urban air mobility vehicle 104 00:04:37,779 --> 00:04:35,810 there are many condition figurations you 105 00:04:40,120 --> 00:04:37,789 can also see here that that vehicle also 106 00:04:41,920 --> 00:04:40,130 has a wing right yeah so how would these 107 00:04:43,700 --> 00:04:41,930 vehicles kind of fly you can imagine 108 00:04:45,320 --> 00:04:43,710 that they would take off 109 00:04:47,540 --> 00:04:45,330 and then shift to forward flight 110 00:04:49,880 --> 00:04:47,550 leveraging their wing to have efficient 111 00:04:51,770 --> 00:04:49,890 performance okay a cross between a 112 00:04:54,230 --> 00:04:51,780 helicopters take off in a plane flying 113 00:04:57,110 --> 00:04:54,240 board all right yeah you have a couple 114 00:04:59,030 --> 00:04:57,120 of questions here I'm ready we have big 115 00:05:02,990 --> 00:04:59,040 bad Tom he says don't we already had our 116 00:05:05,450 --> 00:05:03,000 taxis better known as a plane question 117 00:05:06,950 --> 00:05:05,460 that is a good question so traditional 118 00:05:09,320 --> 00:05:06,960 commercial aircrafts current-day 119 00:05:11,990 --> 00:05:09,330 aircraft that we all fly in today those 120 00:05:14,060 --> 00:05:12,000 are for longer flights typically right 121 00:05:16,490 --> 00:05:14,070 so you might fly from San Francisco to 122 00:05:18,170 --> 00:05:16,500 LA or San Francisco to New York or 123 00:05:21,830 --> 00:05:18,180 wherever you are interested in flying 124 00:05:24,050 --> 00:05:21,840 those are over longer longer trips so 125 00:05:26,660 --> 00:05:24,060 you're covering lots of miles right and 126 00:05:29,360 --> 00:05:26,670 also those aircraft use fuel so jet fuel 127 00:05:31,610 --> 00:05:29,370 these new air taxis or urban air 128 00:05:32,930 --> 00:05:31,620 mobility vehicles are electric 129 00:05:35,510 --> 00:05:32,940 propulsion vehicle so you're no longer 130 00:05:37,070 --> 00:05:35,520 relying on jet fuel and in addition 131 00:05:39,140 --> 00:05:37,080 they're typically flying shorter 132 00:05:40,790 --> 00:05:39,150 emissions there's a lot there's a kind 133 00:05:42,890 --> 00:05:40,800 of a wide range of their mission types 134 00:05:44,180 --> 00:05:42,900 but you're typically flying shorter 135 00:05:46,040 --> 00:05:44,190 missions and you're using a different 136 00:05:48,350 --> 00:05:46,050 mode of fuel right 137 00:05:49,370 --> 00:05:48,360 and in inside of within a city or yeah 138 00:05:51,170 --> 00:05:49,380 we'll see something and they're also 139 00:05:52,910 --> 00:05:51,180 small city limits yeah yeah smaller 140 00:05:54,200 --> 00:05:52,920 smaller between cities right so you 141 00:05:56,510 --> 00:05:54,210 would normally book a flight from San 142 00:06:00,190 --> 00:05:56,520 Jose to San Francisco right that's the 143 00:06:05,240 --> 00:06:02,870 right right taking us off the road like 144 00:06:08,660 --> 00:06:05,250 so hovercat here says will they be like 145 00:06:11,030 --> 00:06:08,670 large multicopter battery-powered what 146 00:06:12,170 --> 00:06:11,040 kind of range are we talking about yeah 147 00:06:14,660 --> 00:06:12,180 so there's a whole host of different 148 00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:14,670 configurations some have four rotors 149 00:06:20,180 --> 00:06:17,010 like we saw in that image some have two 150 00:06:22,250 --> 00:06:20,190 some have many and they can also have 151 00:06:24,170 --> 00:06:22,260 some with wing configurations they 152 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:24,180 typically about four to eight passenger 153 00:06:28,460 --> 00:06:26,610 carrying in terms of this size and many 154 00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:28,470 of them are electrically powered so yes 155 00:06:32,720 --> 00:06:30,810 battery power is is where many of them 156 00:06:34,490 --> 00:06:32,730 are doing we're talking about passengers 157 00:06:36,320 --> 00:06:34,500 but actually cargo could be one of the 158 00:06:38,660 --> 00:06:36,330 first things that really starts to test 159 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:38,670 this concept out okay makes sense yeah 160 00:06:43,550 --> 00:06:41,730 so passenger vehicles cargo delivery 161 00:06:46,310 --> 00:06:43,560 are there other applications that you 162 00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:46,320 guys see is really important yeah so one 163 00:06:50,030 --> 00:06:47,970 of the major applications we can see 164 00:06:52,390 --> 00:06:50,040 coming forward is emergency services 165 00:06:54,890 --> 00:06:52,400 okay so one can imagine if you have 166 00:06:56,890 --> 00:06:54,900 current-day helicopters being used to 167 00:06:59,260 --> 00:06:56,900 provide ambulance support services 168 00:07:00,790 --> 00:06:59,270 these vehicles could be flown in areas 169 00:07:03,160 --> 00:07:00,800 that might be dangerous or difficult to 170 00:07:05,620 --> 00:07:03,170 get to and provide those same emergency 171 00:07:08,080 --> 00:07:05,630 type services so there's a whole host of 172 00:07:09,370 --> 00:07:08,090 applications awesome right so that's 173 00:07:10,510 --> 00:07:09,380 easy to see yeah 174 00:07:12,190 --> 00:07:10,520 how we're gonna use them how it's gonna 175 00:07:14,080 --> 00:07:12,200 be super helpful mm-hmm there must be 176 00:07:16,840 --> 00:07:14,090 challenges for people like you to 177 00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:16,850 develop these systems are there a few 178 00:07:22,750 --> 00:07:19,250 that you would highlight Li yeah so I 179 00:07:25,210 --> 00:07:22,760 would actually take a phrase that's used 180 00:07:27,280 --> 00:07:25,220 by the FAA so that's the Federal 181 00:07:29,260 --> 00:07:27,290 Aviation Administration right right so 182 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:29,270 we are working very closely with them to 183 00:07:32,920 --> 00:07:31,130 see if we can make ribbon Air Mobility a 184 00:07:34,840 --> 00:07:32,930 reality mm-hmm one of the phrases that 185 00:07:37,750 --> 00:07:34,850 they like to use is they like to focus 186 00:07:39,880 --> 00:07:37,760 on the aircraft the air man or air woman 187 00:07:42,970 --> 00:07:39,890 and the air space so what does that mean 188 00:07:44,890 --> 00:07:42,980 well these vehicles they're new right so 189 00:07:47,380 --> 00:07:44,900 these aircraft have to be certified 190 00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:47,390 there are going to be interesting 191 00:07:51,940 --> 00:07:50,330 challenges on how we a so certified 192 00:07:53,980 --> 00:07:51,950 these these vehicles as they have 193 00:07:54,820 --> 00:07:53,990 different performance characteristics we 194 00:07:56,410 --> 00:07:54,830 mentioned that they're going to be 195 00:07:58,090 --> 00:07:56,420 battery powered or electric vehicles 196 00:07:59,770 --> 00:07:58,100 that has implications on their 197 00:08:01,780 --> 00:07:59,780 certification okay certifying them is 198 00:08:03,910 --> 00:08:01,790 safe to fly like the brand new and we're 199 00:08:05,740 --> 00:08:03,920 gonna declare them safe for the the 200 00:08:07,510 --> 00:08:05,750 skies in our cities right okay yeah and 201 00:08:09,670 --> 00:08:07,520 then if you talk about the air man or 202 00:08:12,370 --> 00:08:09,680 the air woman part that import air 203 00:08:13,930 --> 00:08:12,380 person that implies that we have to also 204 00:08:15,630 --> 00:08:13,940 think about what is the role of the 205 00:08:18,370 --> 00:08:15,640 pilot and how do they interface with 206 00:08:20,470 --> 00:08:18,380 potentially new controls right like if 207 00:08:23,560 --> 00:08:20,480 they have different ways relying whole 208 00:08:25,240 --> 00:08:23,570 new trainee potentially a pool of pilots 209 00:08:27,370 --> 00:08:25,250 that may not have the same training that 210 00:08:28,900 --> 00:08:27,380 our current pilots today have so what 211 00:08:30,820 --> 00:08:28,910 how do they actually fly these vehicles 212 00:08:32,710 --> 00:08:30,830 that's also a really important question 213 00:08:34,780 --> 00:08:32,720 that we have and then the last piece 214 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:34,790 which i think is also really important 215 00:08:39,370 --> 00:08:36,770 is how do we integrate these vehicles in 216 00:08:40,990 --> 00:08:39,380 our airspace right it's not just one or 217 00:08:43,210 --> 00:08:41,000 two of these vehicles that may be flying 218 00:08:44,860 --> 00:08:43,220 in the future you can imagine hundreds 219 00:08:47,170 --> 00:08:44,870 or thousands of them and if that's the 220 00:08:48,940 --> 00:08:47,180 case how do we integrate them safely and 221 00:08:51,280 --> 00:08:48,950 efficiently into our air transportation 222 00:08:52,570 --> 00:08:51,290 system into our national airspace right 223 00:08:53,470 --> 00:08:52,580 an interesting part of the research 224 00:08:55,750 --> 00:08:53,480 actually if you look at those three 225 00:08:58,300 --> 00:08:55,760 buckets right the the aircraft and the 226 00:08:59,350 --> 00:08:58,310 air man or a woman and the airspace some 227 00:09:01,900 --> 00:08:59,360 of the things that are done in the 228 00:09:03,540 --> 00:09:01,910 airspace now for the current traffic may 229 00:09:05,340 --> 00:09:03,550 be better handled by one of those 230 00:09:07,380 --> 00:09:05,350 other buckets some of the things that a 231 00:09:09,269 --> 00:09:07,390 pilot takes care of now maybe can be 232 00:09:11,460 --> 00:09:09,279 better handled by the airframe itself so 233 00:09:13,199 --> 00:09:11,470 understanding these where these things 234 00:09:15,210 --> 00:09:13,209 should get handled in this new way of 235 00:09:17,340 --> 00:09:15,220 travel is an important area research as 236 00:09:20,190 --> 00:09:17,350 well yeah okay we have a good question 237 00:09:22,050 --> 00:09:20,200 here from space roars he says are we 238 00:09:24,720 --> 00:09:22,060 going to have air traffic lights is 239 00:09:27,090 --> 00:09:24,730 there going to be a direct path they 240 00:09:29,280 --> 00:09:27,100 follow mannerisms things like that that 241 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:29,290 can help you with navigating yeah this 242 00:09:32,040 --> 00:09:30,730 actually exciting part she might as we 243 00:09:33,750 --> 00:09:32,050 talked earlier about the advances and 244 00:09:35,819 --> 00:09:33,760 vehicles that are allowing us to get to 245 00:09:38,009 --> 00:09:35,829 this point in time but actually the 246 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:38,019 advances in airspace management are 247 00:09:40,710 --> 00:09:39,130 really important as well and these two 248 00:09:42,509 --> 00:09:40,720 things are converging so yeah there 249 00:09:44,220 --> 00:09:42,519 actually will be stoplights they'll be 250 00:09:46,650 --> 00:09:44,230 digital right they won't actually be 251 00:09:48,030 --> 00:09:46,660 floating and hovering up there yellow 252 00:09:50,250 --> 00:09:48,040 green yeah and there would be a set of 253 00:09:52,530 --> 00:09:50,260 procedures and policies and rules that 254 00:09:54,030 --> 00:09:52,540 people that are operating in this in 255 00:09:55,620 --> 00:09:54,040 this airspace would need to follow in 256 00:09:58,050 --> 00:09:55,630 order to have the whole thing still work 257 00:09:59,280 --> 00:09:58,060 safely and efficiently so figuring all 258 00:10:00,900 --> 00:09:59,290 of that out is a big area of research 259 00:10:02,970 --> 00:10:00,910 and we we do collaborate with the FAA to 260 00:10:04,980 --> 00:10:02,980 figure out what is a good path forward 261 00:10:07,560 --> 00:10:04,990 yeah yeah and you said this is about 262 00:10:08,970 --> 00:10:07,570 helping these new vehicles get into the 263 00:10:10,350 --> 00:10:08,980 National Airspace right can can you 264 00:10:12,889 --> 00:10:10,360 define for everybody what that really 265 00:10:15,840 --> 00:10:12,899 means the National Airspace System yes 266 00:10:17,670 --> 00:10:15,850 it's it's what enables us to have air 267 00:10:19,410 --> 00:10:17,680 traffic and air transport in the u.s. 268 00:10:21,480 --> 00:10:19,420 today it's a collection of everything 269 00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:21,490 that makes that happen so it's it's the 270 00:10:25,050 --> 00:10:22,810 runways you can think of the air traffic 271 00:10:26,940 --> 00:10:25,060 control towers the airports the radars 272 00:10:29,100 --> 00:10:26,950 it's actually the vehicles as well and 273 00:10:30,540 --> 00:10:29,110 the people that take care of all these 274 00:10:32,040 --> 00:10:30,550 things and actually run them day to day 275 00:10:34,110 --> 00:10:32,050 but it's also things you can't touch its 276 00:10:36,150 --> 00:10:34,120 things like rules and procedures and 277 00:10:37,350 --> 00:10:36,160 frequencies all of that stuff together 278 00:10:39,720 --> 00:10:37,360 makes up the National Airspace System 279 00:10:41,610 --> 00:10:39,730 okay so how do you introduce new things 280 00:10:43,350 --> 00:10:41,620 into that you can see it's a delicate 281 00:10:45,569 --> 00:10:43,360 dance to make sure you right don't harm 282 00:10:47,550 --> 00:10:45,579 what's working well now and enable these 283 00:10:56,840 --> 00:10:47,560 new new ways of travel you guys are the 284 00:11:00,689 --> 00:10:59,189 don't think this is a question on the 285 00:11:02,819 --> 00:11:00,699 list but I'm sure the people are asking 286 00:11:05,970 --> 00:11:02,829 themselves why does NASA work on this 287 00:11:08,370 --> 00:11:05,980 it's a good answer for that yeah I 288 00:11:10,350 --> 00:11:08,380 thought so I'll jump in you know the 289 00:11:12,150 --> 00:11:10,360 thing people forget is that first day on 290 00:11:14,910 --> 00:11:12,160 NASA stands for Aeronautics and we do a 291 00:11:16,380 --> 00:11:14,920 lot of Aeronautics research and even 292 00:11:17,460 --> 00:11:16,390 people that do remember that Aeronautics 293 00:11:19,589 --> 00:11:17,470 is part of what we do 294 00:11:21,210 --> 00:11:19,599 they may forget that air traffic 295 00:11:23,099 --> 00:11:21,220 management is actually a major part of 296 00:11:24,359 --> 00:11:23,109 Aeronautics is how do you actually allow 297 00:11:26,489 --> 00:11:24,369 these vehicles to get up in the air and 298 00:11:28,199 --> 00:11:26,499 fly around and do what they do right and 299 00:11:30,089 --> 00:11:28,209 we have a pretty good history here at 300 00:11:32,069 --> 00:11:30,099 NASA Ames and within NASA as a whole of 301 00:11:33,899 --> 00:11:32,079 doing that kind of research so it's 302 00:11:35,969 --> 00:11:33,909 really natural that this idea of this 303 00:11:37,949 --> 00:11:35,979 new airspace management concept kind of 304 00:11:39,719 --> 00:11:37,959 originated with us yeah and I would say 305 00:11:41,969 --> 00:11:39,729 we're we're also been collaborating with 306 00:11:44,129 --> 00:11:41,979 the FAA for a number of years so as our 307 00:11:46,319 --> 00:11:44,139 research has been developing we've been 308 00:11:47,849 --> 00:11:46,329 collaborating with the FAA to transfer 309 00:11:49,559 --> 00:11:47,859 technologies and new research 310 00:11:51,089 --> 00:11:49,569 capabilities to really make our airspace 311 00:11:53,159 --> 00:11:51,099 much more efficient our air traffic 312 00:11:55,019 --> 00:11:53,169 management really improve efficiencies 313 00:11:57,199 --> 00:11:55,029 as much as we can mm-hmm yeah I know you 314 00:11:59,519 --> 00:11:57,209 guys work closely and I know that our 315 00:12:02,159 --> 00:11:59,529 Aeronautics research goes way way back 316 00:12:04,019 --> 00:12:02,169 here at names we act at the center here 317 00:12:07,109 --> 00:12:04,029 in this research center we started as an 318 00:12:11,489 --> 00:12:07,119 Aeronautics lab right in 1939 319 00:12:21,539 --> 00:12:11,499 December 20th 1939 which makes tomorrow 320 00:12:23,549 --> 00:12:21,549 our birthday so we're glad you could be 321 00:12:25,710 --> 00:12:23,559 here and help us celebrate yeah so do 322 00:12:27,389 --> 00:12:25,720 you have any favorite fun facts about 323 00:12:29,309 --> 00:12:27,399 that air traffic management research 324 00:12:30,389 --> 00:12:29,319 that's so important that we do here yeah 325 00:12:36,809 --> 00:12:30,399 all right first well I was told there 326 00:12:38,340 --> 00:12:36,819 would be cake yeah we've research in air 327 00:12:40,199 --> 00:12:38,350 traffic management and you know a lot of 328 00:12:41,279 --> 00:12:40,209 the tools are behind the scenes there 329 00:12:43,169 --> 00:12:41,289 are things that people won't see every 330 00:12:45,569 --> 00:12:43,179 day I bet yeah but there are the kind of 331 00:12:46,859 --> 00:12:45,579 things that save people 5 minutes here 332 00:12:49,590 --> 00:12:46,869 10 minutes they're on their way to 333 00:12:51,359 --> 00:12:49,600 somewhere right everyone has landed at 334 00:12:52,739 --> 00:12:51,369 an airport and it's kind of waited to 335 00:12:54,479 --> 00:12:52,749 get a gate right how do you optimize 336 00:12:57,179 --> 00:12:54,489 that and make people get to their gate 337 00:12:59,249 --> 00:12:57,189 faster how do you let people route 338 00:13:01,349 --> 00:12:59,259 around bad weather quickly and 339 00:13:02,879 --> 00:13:01,359 efficiently and save 5 minutes and a 340 00:13:04,919 --> 00:13:02,889 smoother ride to get to where you're 341 00:13:07,049 --> 00:13:04,929 going and these are time savings for us 342 00:13:08,909 --> 00:13:07,059 as passengers but that translates also 343 00:13:10,499 --> 00:13:08,919 to money savings for the airlines right 344 00:13:11,759 --> 00:13:10,509 and these things add a 5 minutes here 10 345 00:13:13,769 --> 00:13:11,769 minutes there over the course of a year 346 00:13:15,119 --> 00:13:13,779 over cross all the airlines right these 347 00:13:16,349 --> 00:13:15,129 savings really add up and these are the 348 00:13:18,629 --> 00:13:16,359 things that a lot of the things that 349 00:13:21,119 --> 00:13:18,639 we've we've originated research here at 350 00:13:22,949 --> 00:13:21,129 NASA is awesome and I think some of 351 00:13:24,629 --> 00:13:22,959 these efficiencies have come from flying 352 00:13:26,429 --> 00:13:24,639 in the air some of them actually have 353 00:13:28,679 --> 00:13:26,439 come from trying to make the surface 354 00:13:30,689 --> 00:13:28,689 operations much more efficient and so 355 00:13:31,570 --> 00:13:30,699 really like Joey was saying it's it's 356 00:13:33,310 --> 00:13:31,580 all about time 357 00:13:35,800 --> 00:13:33,320 that's our most valuable commodity and 358 00:13:37,750 --> 00:13:35,810 so how do we how do we save our time and 359 00:13:40,060 --> 00:13:37,760 that's where we develop algorithms tools 360 00:13:42,940 --> 00:13:40,070 work really closely with air traffic 361 00:13:45,190 --> 00:13:42,950 controllers to give them tools to make 362 00:13:46,810 --> 00:13:45,200 their jobs easier and so that's 363 00:13:48,820 --> 00:13:46,820 something that we've been doing research 364 00:13:50,950 --> 00:13:48,830 on fundamentally for the last 30 years 365 00:13:52,240 --> 00:13:50,960 so yeah yeah that's going back it's not 366 00:13:54,490 --> 00:13:52,250 just research it's transferring it to 367 00:13:56,080 --> 00:13:54,500 the FAA you make them real yeah right 368 00:13:57,550 --> 00:13:56,090 right right they actually put it into 369 00:13:59,230 --> 00:13:57,560 use right yeah right yeah there's some 370 00:14:01,060 --> 00:13:59,240 tools in our air traffic control towers 371 00:14:02,860 --> 00:14:01,070 almost every air traffic control tower 372 00:14:05,710 --> 00:14:02,870 today has some technology that we have 373 00:14:07,810 --> 00:14:05,720 worked on in here at NASA I don't think 374 00:14:10,660 --> 00:14:07,820 people know that we have a question here 375 00:14:12,790 --> 00:14:10,670 from just me and my laptop what part of 376 00:14:17,290 --> 00:14:12,800 the traffic or air traffic management do 377 00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:17,300 you see controlled autonomously I think 378 00:14:21,340 --> 00:14:19,610 if if we think about how many of these 379 00:14:23,560 --> 00:14:21,350 operations that are going to be in the 380 00:14:24,910 --> 00:14:23,570 future of people people's minds you know 381 00:14:27,550 --> 00:14:24,920 race a little bit and you think about 382 00:14:29,620 --> 00:14:27,560 how how much how many new flights there 383 00:14:31,480 --> 00:14:29,630 will be the current system isn't set up 384 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:31,490 to handle that many more flights that 385 00:14:35,050 --> 00:14:33,530 quickly so actually a lot of the 386 00:14:37,390 --> 00:14:35,060 functions to enable these new entrants 387 00:14:39,130 --> 00:14:37,400 are going to need to be automated as 388 00:14:41,110 --> 00:14:39,140 well as some of the processes on the 389 00:14:43,600 --> 00:14:41,120 existing side in order for them to know 390 00:14:45,310 --> 00:14:43,610 how to integrate and manage this new 391 00:14:47,170 --> 00:14:45,320 traffic as well but we're not going to 392 00:14:48,700 --> 00:14:47,180 have enough controllers that can talk to 393 00:14:50,230 --> 00:14:48,710 all of these aircraft to do all of these 394 00:14:52,060 --> 00:14:50,240 things all the time like they do with 395 00:14:52,900 --> 00:14:52,070 the aircraft today yeah so a lot of 396 00:14:54,040 --> 00:14:52,910 those functions are going to be 397 00:14:57,180 --> 00:14:54,050 automated so there will be a lot of 398 00:15:00,010 --> 00:14:57,190 automation to enable this to happen 399 00:15:01,750 --> 00:15:00,020 do I take any more oh yeah I mean 400 00:15:03,040 --> 00:15:01,760 there's there's plenty the chat is 401 00:15:06,790 --> 00:15:03,050 really blowing up people are very 402 00:15:08,650 --> 00:15:06,800 interested in this topic there's some 403 00:15:11,710 --> 00:15:08,660 some questions about you know how do you 404 00:15:13,660 --> 00:15:11,720 be so Hobbs 5-5-5 says how do you 405 00:15:16,510 --> 00:15:13,670 prevent midair collisions with air 406 00:15:18,310 --> 00:15:16,520 traffic yeah we're with air taxis yeah 407 00:15:20,350 --> 00:15:18,320 so like Joey was mentioning there's 408 00:15:22,360 --> 00:15:20,360 going to be new automation that's going 409 00:15:25,030 --> 00:15:22,370 to come on board the vehicle potentially 410 00:15:27,190 --> 00:15:25,040 as well as tools for air traffic 411 00:15:28,750 --> 00:15:27,200 management services so what are the 412 00:15:30,940 --> 00:15:28,760 intersection of tools that are onboard 413 00:15:33,220 --> 00:15:30,950 the vehicle as well as services that 414 00:15:35,410 --> 00:15:33,230 might be provided provided from 415 00:15:37,030 --> 00:15:35,420 potentially air traffic controllers or 416 00:15:38,620 --> 00:15:37,040 other entities and that's kind of what 417 00:15:40,620 --> 00:15:38,630 we're investigating and then where does 418 00:15:43,900 --> 00:15:40,630 automation help ensure that we reduce 419 00:15:45,340 --> 00:15:43,910 any issues in terms of safety impact so 420 00:15:46,870 --> 00:15:45,350 safety is kind of 421 00:15:49,690 --> 00:15:46,880 one goal how do you ensure safe 422 00:15:51,310 --> 00:15:49,700 operations yeah it's kind of the tools 423 00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:51,320 we developed they look at a few 424 00:15:53,770 --> 00:15:52,970 different layers right of how you make 425 00:15:55,900 --> 00:15:53,780 this have the air traffic management 426 00:15:57,580 --> 00:15:55,910 layer there's usually a strategic look 427 00:15:59,530 --> 00:15:57,590 ahead like how do we not put too many 428 00:16:01,660 --> 00:15:59,540 vehicles in one spot oh yeah it's really 429 00:16:03,190 --> 00:16:01,670 hard for them to avoid each other it's 430 00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:03,200 logically you kind of keep them apart 431 00:16:06,100 --> 00:16:04,610 through this ground automation and 432 00:16:07,450 --> 00:16:06,110 having them share what they're gonna do 433 00:16:09,220 --> 00:16:07,460 with each other 434 00:16:10,660 --> 00:16:09,230 but then more tactically a lot of 435 00:16:12,460 --> 00:16:10,670 onboard capabilities may be important to 436 00:16:14,110 --> 00:16:12,470 keep them separated yeah great 437 00:16:15,850 --> 00:16:14,120 so all these tools that you guys are 438 00:16:18,820 --> 00:16:15,860 talking about a lot of that work is done 439 00:16:20,620 --> 00:16:18,830 at aims here but also in all other NASA 440 00:16:21,970 --> 00:16:20,630 centers across the country right so you 441 00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:21,980 guys have a lot of partners yeah 442 00:16:25,930 --> 00:16:22,610 definitely 443 00:16:28,030 --> 00:16:25,940 so NASA Armstrong NASA Langley Glen 444 00:16:29,170 --> 00:16:28,040 almost all the NASA centers that are 445 00:16:30,940 --> 00:16:29,180 focused on aeronautics aren't 446 00:16:32,500 --> 00:16:30,950 contributing to making urban air 447 00:16:34,420 --> 00:16:32,510 mobility a reality oh this is pretty 448 00:16:36,100 --> 00:16:34,430 exciting yeah yeah a big collaborative 449 00:16:38,860 --> 00:16:36,110 effort yeah the window when did all this 450 00:16:40,720 --> 00:16:38,870 begin for urban air mobility and what's 451 00:16:43,840 --> 00:16:40,730 going on today yeah work is happening 452 00:16:45,460 --> 00:16:43,850 now so one of the areas of where this 453 00:16:47,410 --> 00:16:45,470 kind of first started in terms of NASA 454 00:16:52,030 --> 00:16:47,420 involvement is what we call the Grand 455 00:16:54,910 --> 00:16:52,040 Challenge franchise the Grand Challenge 456 00:16:57,130 --> 00:16:54,920 is an activity in which we are working 457 00:16:59,350 --> 00:16:57,140 collaboratively with the FAA as well as 458 00:17:01,330 --> 00:16:59,360 industry partners both vehicle industry 459 00:17:03,910 --> 00:17:01,340 partners and airspace industry partners 460 00:17:06,010 --> 00:17:03,920 okay to kind of develop an ecosystem so 461 00:17:08,290 --> 00:17:06,020 we can really begin testing out some of 462 00:17:10,330 --> 00:17:08,300 these concepts what does it mean to fly 463 00:17:11,560 --> 00:17:10,340 a vehicle what kind of data do we need 464 00:17:13,450 --> 00:17:11,570 to collect to help with the 465 00:17:15,550 --> 00:17:13,460 certification process understand the 466 00:17:18,010 --> 00:17:15,560 performance of these vehicles and then 467 00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:18,020 also start understanding what does it 468 00:17:21,580 --> 00:17:20,090 mean what kind of tools and technologies 469 00:17:23,590 --> 00:17:21,590 with huns software do we need to build 470 00:17:25,480 --> 00:17:23,600 to actually have some sort of air 471 00:17:27,880 --> 00:17:25,490 traffic management system for these 472 00:17:30,400 --> 00:17:27,890 vehicles as as many of them start coming 473 00:17:32,500 --> 00:17:30,410 up and becoming a reality so the Grand 474 00:17:34,600 --> 00:17:32,510 Challenge is a series of flight 475 00:17:36,730 --> 00:17:34,610 demonstrations and simulation activities 476 00:17:40,120 --> 00:17:36,740 we're where we really hope to explore 477 00:17:41,620 --> 00:17:40,130 all the safety cases as well as collect 478 00:17:43,840 --> 00:17:41,630 data to help us move the industry 479 00:17:45,850 --> 00:17:43,850 forward yeah make sense you get as many 480 00:17:47,560 --> 00:17:45,860 minds as possible thinking about it 481 00:17:49,330 --> 00:17:47,570 predicting what you have to work out now 482 00:17:50,710 --> 00:17:49,340 right and doing the work yeah yeah 483 00:17:52,530 --> 00:17:50,720 definitely it's definitely a very 484 00:17:56,670 --> 00:17:52,540 collaborative effort awesome 485 00:17:58,650 --> 00:17:56,680 great legit twitch channel asks where 486 00:18:00,990 --> 00:17:58,660 they be miniature airports for places to 487 00:18:03,120 --> 00:18:01,000 pick up and drop off that'd be cool 488 00:18:05,130 --> 00:18:03,130 yeah so some of the concepts that are 489 00:18:06,330 --> 00:18:05,140 coming up in terms of infrastructure 490 00:18:09,120 --> 00:18:06,340 which is actually a really important 491 00:18:11,850 --> 00:18:09,130 concept is a concept of vert apart to 492 00:18:13,620 --> 00:18:11,860 vert apat or Skyport sky paths however 493 00:18:15,570 --> 00:18:13,630 you wish to call it but you can kind of 494 00:18:17,340 --> 00:18:15,580 imagine like a helicopter pack right you 495 00:18:19,290 --> 00:18:17,350 know kitties could be on the ground or 496 00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:19,300 on actually the the top of a building 497 00:18:23,250 --> 00:18:21,730 right and so these could be locations 498 00:18:24,900 --> 00:18:23,260 where these aircraft could take off 499 00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:24,910 because remember they can take off 500 00:18:28,800 --> 00:18:27,010 vertically and land vertically so they 501 00:18:30,780 --> 00:18:28,810 don't need a runway yeah they don't need 502 00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:30,790 a runway like a normal aircraft today so 503 00:18:36,660 --> 00:18:33,010 that was what's gonna allow operations 504 00:18:38,940 --> 00:18:36,670 in an urban center right yeah is this 505 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:38,950 gonna mean the end of traditional flight 506 00:18:43,680 --> 00:18:41,770 or is this really just complementary to 507 00:18:46,650 --> 00:18:43,690 everything we use today yeah it's 508 00:18:48,480 --> 00:18:46,660 definitely not an end to the current day 509 00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:48,490 aviation okay in fact you can think of 510 00:18:50,940 --> 00:18:49,330 it as a compliment 511 00:18:54,270 --> 00:18:50,950 to help you actually use current day 512 00:18:56,640 --> 00:18:54,280 aviation even more right so one can 513 00:18:59,070 --> 00:18:56,650 imagine that you might want to get from 514 00:19:00,660 --> 00:18:59,080 wherever you're located a suburb to your 515 00:19:02,670 --> 00:19:00,670 nearest airport and normally we would 516 00:19:04,560 --> 00:19:02,680 have to sit in traffic drive maybe half 517 00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:04,570 an hour or 40 minutes to get there who 518 00:19:08,670 --> 00:19:06,610 knows so depending on where you're 519 00:19:11,250 --> 00:19:08,680 located now what if you can take one of 520 00:19:13,140 --> 00:19:11,260 these air taxis or air shuttles to get 521 00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:13,150 to your airport now it's actually much 522 00:19:18,740 --> 00:19:16,330 easier to use a commercial aviation like 523 00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:18,750 we do today so these are just another 524 00:19:24,390 --> 00:19:21,760 form of transportation to help us use 525 00:19:26,910 --> 00:19:24,400 current day aviation yeah and about air 526 00:19:29,190 --> 00:19:26,920 taxis or air shuttles yeah you just kind 527 00:19:30,840 --> 00:19:29,200 of made it a distinction there do you 528 00:19:33,180 --> 00:19:30,850 think that these are gonna be taxis that 529 00:19:35,730 --> 00:19:33,190 I call up and I say I personally want to 530 00:19:37,860 --> 00:19:35,740 go to my specific friend's house or is 531 00:19:40,950 --> 00:19:37,870 it gonna be like a subway or a city bus 532 00:19:42,780 --> 00:19:40,960 that has a route so most likely as this 533 00:19:44,700 --> 00:19:42,790 industry develops initially you'll 534 00:19:47,010 --> 00:19:44,710 probably more be more like a air shuttle 535 00:19:48,570 --> 00:19:47,020 or an air Metro where you have a series 536 00:19:51,540 --> 00:19:48,580 of designated locations where you have 537 00:19:53,550 --> 00:19:51,550 pickups and drop-offs and at scheduled 538 00:19:55,740 --> 00:19:53,560 times okay that's mostly to help us 539 00:19:57,240 --> 00:19:55,750 understand what are the feasibility in 540 00:19:59,490 --> 00:19:57,250 the beginnings yeah of this type of 541 00:20:01,650 --> 00:19:59,500 Transportation but on-demand air 542 00:20:03,540 --> 00:20:01,660 mobility is something that industry as 543 00:20:05,400 --> 00:20:03,550 well as we are researching and 544 00:20:07,110 --> 00:20:05,410 investigating of how to enable it 545 00:20:09,450 --> 00:20:07,120 so we're actually looking at both how do 546 00:20:11,430 --> 00:20:09,460 we have a arrow Metro or air shuttle as 547 00:20:14,190 --> 00:20:11,440 well as on-demand urban air mobility 548 00:20:16,830 --> 00:20:14,200 okay yeah stay tuned pretty cool right 549 00:20:19,200 --> 00:20:16,840 yeah we have a question here from again 550 00:20:21,450 --> 00:20:19,210 from space warmers what elevation will 551 00:20:23,040 --> 00:20:21,460 they be flying at what if you're you're 552 00:20:26,520 --> 00:20:23,050 in the city do be weave through 553 00:20:29,130 --> 00:20:26,530 skyscrapers yeah good question good 554 00:20:31,470 --> 00:20:29,140 question so picture here so since these 555 00:20:33,150 --> 00:20:31,480 vehicles have kind of a wide range of 556 00:20:35,040 --> 00:20:33,160 configurations they have different 557 00:20:37,140 --> 00:20:35,050 cruising altitudes that they would fly 558 00:20:39,060 --> 00:20:37,150 at you can expect though a range of 559 00:20:41,730 --> 00:20:39,070 typically from some arts like a thousand 560 00:20:43,740 --> 00:20:41,740 to 4,000 feet is average that typical 561 00:20:45,300 --> 00:20:43,750 range of these of these vehicles of the 562 00:20:47,760 --> 00:20:45,310 urban air mobility vehicles that are a 563 00:20:49,410 --> 00:20:47,770 little bit larger than remember then 564 00:20:52,230 --> 00:20:49,420 some of the drones that have been flying 565 00:20:53,790 --> 00:20:52,240 below 400 feet and then they are also 566 00:20:55,230 --> 00:20:53,800 kind of smaller than your traditional 567 00:20:56,910 --> 00:20:55,240 aircraft because they only have about 568 00:20:58,170 --> 00:20:56,920 four to eight passengers typically okay 569 00:21:00,240 --> 00:20:58,180 so that's the altitude they would be 570 00:21:03,540 --> 00:21:00,250 flying at terms of weaving between 571 00:21:06,090 --> 00:21:03,550 skyscrapers we're looking at procedures 572 00:21:07,020 --> 00:21:06,100 as well as ways for these aircraft to 573 00:21:08,580 --> 00:21:07,030 fly safely 574 00:21:10,050 --> 00:21:08,590 um and that includes safety of the 575 00:21:11,520 --> 00:21:10,060 passengers on board as well as the 576 00:21:14,490 --> 00:21:11,530 safety of the people on the ground right 577 00:21:17,250 --> 00:21:14,500 of course I see a question here further 578 00:21:19,170 --> 00:21:17,260 for the both of you seriously gaming as 579 00:21:21,600 --> 00:21:19,180 what are Siobhan's Li and Joey's 580 00:21:23,340 --> 00:21:21,610 thoughts on noise pollution from these 581 00:21:26,010 --> 00:21:23,350 and what are their thoughts on potential 582 00:21:28,200 --> 00:21:26,020 objects falling to earth yeah that part 583 00:21:30,840 --> 00:21:28,210 definitely want to avoid the objects 584 00:21:32,460 --> 00:21:30,850 falling to earth and in general noise 585 00:21:34,320 --> 00:21:32,470 pollution speaks to a larger issue of 586 00:21:35,700 --> 00:21:34,330 kind of public acceptance of these kind 587 00:21:37,200 --> 00:21:35,710 of operations mm-hmm 588 00:21:39,150 --> 00:21:37,210 so we can solve a lot of technological 589 00:21:40,770 --> 00:21:39,160 problems and make sure things stay safe 590 00:21:42,840 --> 00:21:40,780 and efficient in the air space but if 591 00:21:44,220 --> 00:21:42,850 the public's not ready to accept these 592 00:21:45,750 --> 00:21:44,230 kind of operations for whatever reason 593 00:21:49,350 --> 00:21:45,760 whether its environmental including 594 00:21:51,810 --> 00:21:49,360 noise or something else then this won't 595 00:21:52,950 --> 00:21:51,820 ever take off so to speak right so part 596 00:21:55,380 --> 00:21:52,960 of the research when we do our testing 597 00:21:56,550 --> 00:21:55,390 is actually making sure we're starting 598 00:21:58,290 --> 00:21:56,560 to ask some of those questions and 599 00:22:00,180 --> 00:21:58,300 collect some initial data on public 600 00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:00,190 acceptance so that we can feed some of 601 00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:01,570 those conversations to see what kind of 602 00:22:05,250 --> 00:22:03,490 barriers might be there yeah it's a kind 603 00:22:07,470 --> 00:22:05,260 of that public acceptance question yeah 604 00:22:09,270 --> 00:22:07,480 so noise is an issue and I think you'll 605 00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:09,280 see a lot of the manufacturers of these 606 00:22:12,390 --> 00:22:10,840 vehicles designers of these vehicles and 607 00:22:13,860 --> 00:22:12,400 of the airspace procedures are kind of 608 00:22:15,870 --> 00:22:13,870 cognizant of that if they want to be 609 00:22:18,810 --> 00:22:15,880 aware of trying to minimize the impact 610 00:22:20,610 --> 00:22:18,820 or acceptability of these operations so 611 00:22:21,840 --> 00:22:20,620 it is something that is considered in 612 00:22:26,460 --> 00:22:21,850 the design of all the pieces of the 613 00:22:31,500 --> 00:22:26,470 system right right good to hear what's 614 00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:34,140 Hobie's 555 would there be weather 615 00:22:39,990 --> 00:22:37,810 restrictions on air taxis yeah so just 616 00:22:42,390 --> 00:22:40,000 like today in commercial aviation today 617 00:22:45,510 --> 00:22:42,400 weather plays a big role and how how 618 00:22:48,030 --> 00:22:45,520 aviation you know goes on today and 619 00:22:49,470 --> 00:22:48,040 similarly it will play a role for these 620 00:22:51,540 --> 00:22:49,480 new vehicles for these urban air 621 00:22:53,150 --> 00:22:51,550 mobility vehicles one of the things that 622 00:22:55,200 --> 00:22:53,160 we're trying to understand is when we 623 00:22:56,850 --> 00:22:55,210 perform tests as part of the Grand 624 00:22:58,800 --> 00:22:56,860 Challenges understand what is your 625 00:23:01,320 --> 00:22:58,810 performance when can you fly at what 626 00:23:02,940 --> 00:23:01,330 gusts of winds are there limitations on 627 00:23:03,960 --> 00:23:02,950 your performance and then those are some 628 00:23:05,700 --> 00:23:03,970 of the things that we're really trying 629 00:23:07,650 --> 00:23:05,710 to investigate so we can answer that 630 00:23:09,660 --> 00:23:07,660 question in a better fashion once we 631 00:23:12,540 --> 00:23:09,670 have data on how these vehicles actually 632 00:23:14,160 --> 00:23:12,550 perform under different win under 633 00:23:15,840 --> 00:23:14,170 different wind wind levels as well as 634 00:23:19,820 --> 00:23:15,850 different types of precipitation yeah 635 00:23:22,470 --> 00:23:19,830 okay it's a really specific stuff yeah 636 00:23:23,670 --> 00:23:22,480 yeah really interesting kind of related 637 00:23:24,690 --> 00:23:23,680 to that is you know understand the 638 00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:24,700 performance of the vehicle so that it 639 00:23:28,470 --> 00:23:26,890 knows what it can handle situations can 640 00:23:30,450 --> 00:23:28,480 handle but then actually on the weather 641 00:23:32,490 --> 00:23:30,460 side actually doing the research to make 642 00:23:34,380 --> 00:23:32,500 sure that that informations available to 643 00:23:36,090 --> 00:23:34,390 those operators okay whether we use 644 00:23:38,220 --> 00:23:36,100 today for Aviation's really focus around 645 00:23:39,930 --> 00:23:38,230 airports and the in route environment 646 00:23:41,760 --> 00:23:39,940 and you know there's some specialized 647 00:23:43,170 --> 00:23:41,770 stuff for helicopters and cities but 648 00:23:44,340 --> 00:23:43,180 that all needs to scale up quite a bit 649 00:23:46,080 --> 00:23:44,350 in order to provide the right 650 00:23:48,000 --> 00:23:46,090 information to operators so that they 651 00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:48,010 can fly safely given the performance 652 00:23:51,030 --> 00:23:49,810 characteristics of their vehicle yeah so 653 00:23:53,340 --> 00:23:51,040 a lot of cities aren't outfitted for 654 00:23:55,260 --> 00:23:53,350 that level of granularity of weather all 655 00:23:57,390 --> 00:23:55,270 right so how do you get those weather 656 00:23:58,680 --> 00:23:57,400 services and other requirements develop 657 00:24:01,200 --> 00:23:58,690 so that you can actually enable these 658 00:24:03,120 --> 00:24:01,210 operations safely so that's a larger of 659 00:24:05,070 --> 00:24:03,130 research that we poke into and we also 660 00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:05,080 try and encourage industry and 661 00:24:09,900 --> 00:24:07,810 universities and other folks to come 662 00:24:11,370 --> 00:24:09,910 along with us on that research yeah kind 663 00:24:12,720 --> 00:24:11,380 of along those lines that whether it's 664 00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:12,730 actually very interesting in an urban 665 00:24:18,300 --> 00:24:15,610 center right yeah so as you have wind 666 00:24:19,650 --> 00:24:18,310 flow between buildings as you have kind 667 00:24:21,840 --> 00:24:19,660 of different types of Eddie's kind of 668 00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:21,850 put round off of building to building 669 00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:23,890 surfaces you have interesting effects 670 00:24:27,630 --> 00:24:25,450 that can occur and so that's really 671 00:24:29,730 --> 00:24:27,640 important for us to have some knowledge 672 00:24:31,289 --> 00:24:29,740 about and understand such that we can 673 00:24:32,970 --> 00:24:31,299 have safe safe 674 00:24:34,739 --> 00:24:32,980 these vehicles so that's actually a 675 00:24:36,479 --> 00:24:34,749 really big part which I was referring to 676 00:24:37,649 --> 00:24:36,489 you can imagine I felt that in cities 677 00:24:40,639 --> 00:24:37,659 right yeah of course 678 00:24:42,869 --> 00:24:40,649 walking between two skyscrapers yeah and 679 00:24:45,289 --> 00:24:42,879 yeah it's so good to know you're 680 00:24:48,869 --> 00:24:45,299 thinking about it 681 00:24:50,609 --> 00:24:48,879 let's see what other questions we got we 682 00:24:55,379 --> 00:24:50,619 one day see a return of airships or 683 00:24:57,239 --> 00:24:55,389 Zeppelin's ghosts of ETS who knows yeah 684 00:24:58,739 --> 00:24:57,249 so I you know airships the dirigibles 685 00:25:01,200 --> 00:24:58,749 have been have been around for quite 686 00:25:03,419 --> 00:25:01,210 some time and have been used you know 687 00:25:06,779 --> 00:25:03,429 obviously in the past and now we see the 688 00:25:09,090 --> 00:25:06,789 Goodyear blimp once in a while right so 689 00:25:11,129 --> 00:25:09,100 you know airships do have some some 690 00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:11,139 purpose and due off our use for some 691 00:25:15,330 --> 00:25:13,450 some use cases but how they're going to 692 00:25:16,710 --> 00:25:15,340 be integrated in airspace it's a similar 693 00:25:18,659 --> 00:25:16,720 question just like a lot of these new 694 00:25:19,830 --> 00:25:18,669 entrants how do how was your performance 695 00:25:21,810 --> 00:25:19,840 like what's your performance 696 00:25:23,369 --> 00:25:21,820 characteristics based on that how do we 697 00:25:25,470 --> 00:25:23,379 integrate you safely into our airspace 698 00:25:27,479 --> 00:25:25,480 so the same types of questions apply 699 00:25:29,430 --> 00:25:27,489 regardless of what what type of vehicle 700 00:25:30,599 --> 00:25:29,440 you may be yeah yeah but the vehicles 701 00:25:41,940 --> 00:25:30,609 you guys are talking about are much more 702 00:25:43,529 --> 00:25:41,950 smaller for a trek petrol one do you 703 00:25:47,279 --> 00:25:43,539 have any idea how much energy it takes 704 00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:47,289 to vertically lift the passengers gave a 705 00:25:52,229 --> 00:25:48,970 number of eight passengers but just in 706 00:25:54,899 --> 00:25:52,239 general yeah so typically what you what 707 00:25:58,169 --> 00:25:54,909 is desired is you want to have vertical 708 00:26:00,479 --> 00:25:58,179 lift up above 50 feet and such that you 709 00:26:01,080 --> 00:26:00,489 are climbing at a rate of about 100 feet 710 00:26:03,570 --> 00:26:01,090 per minute 711 00:26:05,279 --> 00:26:03,580 so the energy that's required obviously 712 00:26:07,289 --> 00:26:05,289 depends on the weight of that individual 713 00:26:09,599 --> 00:26:07,299 airframe plus the number of passengers 714 00:26:10,859 --> 00:26:09,609 or cargo that you might have onboard so 715 00:26:12,659 --> 00:26:10,869 I would say it actually does vary 716 00:26:14,700 --> 00:26:12,669 depending on your configuration of your 717 00:26:16,529 --> 00:26:14,710 vehicle mm-hmm but what is neat is the 718 00:26:18,479 --> 00:26:16,539 fact that there's been quite a bit of 719 00:26:20,879 --> 00:26:18,489 development and distributed electrical 720 00:26:22,979 --> 00:26:20,889 propulsion which means you can use these 721 00:26:25,019 --> 00:26:22,989 electrically powered rotors have them 722 00:26:27,090 --> 00:26:25,029 distributed across the airframe such 723 00:26:30,060 --> 00:26:27,100 that it's actually much easier to to 724 00:26:31,889 --> 00:26:30,070 provide it for further math that's a new 725 00:26:33,930 --> 00:26:31,899 technology so in that in that vehicle 726 00:26:37,379 --> 00:26:33,940 concepts right had the rotors along the 727 00:26:38,580 --> 00:26:37,389 wings yeah cool and the airframe when 728 00:26:40,320 --> 00:26:38,590 you guys say that that means this like 729 00:26:42,210 --> 00:26:40,330 the structure of the aircraft correct 730 00:26:43,980 --> 00:26:42,220 just how that aircraft is configured 731 00:26:46,379 --> 00:26:43,990 does it have two rotors four rotors that 732 00:26:48,720 --> 00:26:46,389 wing what does it look like yeah yeah 733 00:26:51,779 --> 00:26:48,730 yeah okay cool we probably have time for 734 00:26:54,690 --> 00:26:51,789 a few more questions yeah we have a 735 00:26:56,999 --> 00:26:54,700 question here from decked the werewolf 736 00:26:59,820 --> 00:26:57,009 what Pera densities would be required to 737 00:27:02,730 --> 00:26:59,830 make long-range high-capacity flight 738 00:27:06,029 --> 00:27:02,740 possible using battery power hmm yeah 739 00:27:08,129 --> 00:27:06,039 power is a big issue yeah yeah so the 740 00:27:10,200 --> 00:27:08,139 manner in which battery technology is 741 00:27:11,909 --> 00:27:10,210 developing is is something that industry 742 00:27:13,649 --> 00:27:11,919 is really moving forward with things 743 00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:13,659 that they're concerned about is their 744 00:27:18,509 --> 00:27:16,330 charge and discharge rates and then also 745 00:27:20,519 --> 00:27:18,519 how quickly can you recharge because 746 00:27:22,169 --> 00:27:20,529 your your actual battery on boards but 747 00:27:25,739 --> 00:27:22,179 you can fly another mission or go on 748 00:27:28,619 --> 00:27:25,749 another trip right and so there is quite 749 00:27:29,999 --> 00:27:28,629 a range of energy density that's 750 00:27:31,470 --> 00:27:30,009 required again depending on your 751 00:27:32,549 --> 00:27:31,480 configuration right depending on your 752 00:27:35,129 --> 00:27:32,559 mission profile 753 00:27:37,049 --> 00:27:35,139 am i flying 50 miles or am i flying 40 754 00:27:39,239 --> 00:27:37,059 miles right so depending on the mission 755 00:27:41,599 --> 00:27:39,249 you wish to achieve you do see a kind of 756 00:27:44,129 --> 00:27:41,609 a range in terms of the battery or power 757 00:27:45,690 --> 00:27:44,139 requirements for that vehicle and just 758 00:27:48,330 --> 00:27:45,700 bring it back to the question of the 759 00:27:50,700 --> 00:27:48,340 vertebrates kind of designing the system 760 00:27:52,950 --> 00:27:50,710 and the power requirements you know you 761 00:27:54,659 --> 00:27:52,960 you may want your vertebrates close to a 762 00:27:55,999 --> 00:27:54,669 substation that can supply the right 763 00:27:57,989 --> 00:27:56,009 amount of power to recharge you quickly 764 00:28:01,440 --> 00:27:57,999 so all of these things are definitely 765 00:28:03,269 --> 00:28:01,450 interrelated yeah you you sort of 766 00:28:05,339 --> 00:28:03,279 touched on this already but maybe to sum 767 00:28:07,019 --> 00:28:05,349 it up for Fergus Diggins can you comment 768 00:28:08,399 --> 00:28:07,029 about the possible infrastructure that 769 00:28:10,589 --> 00:28:08,409 might be needed for the shorter range 770 00:28:12,779 --> 00:28:10,599 trips will use existing airports or 771 00:28:14,609 --> 00:28:12,789 combination of existing and new you talk 772 00:28:18,839 --> 00:28:14,619 about rooftops but like how did you sum 773 00:28:20,220 --> 00:28:18,849 that up yeah I think that if we're 774 00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:20,230 talking about a new mode of 775 00:28:22,889 --> 00:28:21,730 transportation with new use cases 776 00:28:24,839 --> 00:28:22,899 there's probably going to be new 777 00:28:26,729 --> 00:28:24,849 infrastructure needed and that's when we 778 00:28:28,619 --> 00:28:26,739 talk about these verda ports and and 779 00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:28,629 charging stations and and all of these 780 00:28:32,549 --> 00:28:30,730 these things that don't exist as well as 781 00:28:34,049 --> 00:28:32,559 things like surveillance as well as 782 00:28:35,879 --> 00:28:34,059 weather monitoring we talked about 783 00:28:39,029 --> 00:28:35,889 earlier surveillance like keeping an eye 784 00:28:42,180 --> 00:28:39,039 on on those like knowing where the 785 00:28:43,619 --> 00:28:42,190 vehicles are yeah right not so much how 786 00:28:44,880 --> 00:28:43,629 they get used but yeah just where the 787 00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:44,890 vehicles are right now I know freak 788 00:28:48,540 --> 00:28:46,450 radars and they can see all the bigger 789 00:28:50,040 --> 00:28:48,550 airplanes in the sky keep track of that 790 00:28:51,510 --> 00:28:50,050 infrastructure doesn't necessarily let 791 00:28:53,220 --> 00:28:51,520 us have full visibility into the area 792 00:28:55,020 --> 00:28:53,230 where these things might be flying so 793 00:28:56,400 --> 00:28:55,030 surveillance as well as again the 794 00:28:57,930 --> 00:28:56,410 recharging and the landing and the 795 00:28:59,100 --> 00:28:57,940 takeoffs all that's infrastructure that 796 00:29:00,720 --> 00:28:59,110 definitely has to be considered when 797 00:29:02,490 --> 00:29:00,730 designing a system and I would say 798 00:29:04,950 --> 00:29:02,500 infrastructure it's actually a big big 799 00:29:07,380 --> 00:29:04,960 part of this right and the FAA is as 800 00:29:09,030 --> 00:29:07,390 well as NASA as well as industry and 801 00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:09,040 other research institutions they are 802 00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:10,810 looking to understand what are the 803 00:29:15,450 --> 00:29:13,210 infrastructure requirements and there 804 00:29:17,940 --> 00:29:15,460 are sensory requirements but also things 805 00:29:19,950 --> 00:29:17,950 such as lighting requirements right and 806 00:29:21,420 --> 00:29:19,960 what kind of procedures are need to be 807 00:29:23,850 --> 00:29:21,430 developed for that type of 808 00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:23,860 infrastructure so there's a whole host 809 00:29:26,910 --> 00:29:25,450 of information that would come along 810 00:29:28,140 --> 00:29:26,920 with the infrastructure that we meet 811 00:29:30,900 --> 00:29:28,150 that will be needed for these vehicles 812 00:29:32,220 --> 00:29:30,910 to land or take off from locations near 813 00:29:34,640 --> 00:29:32,230 us right Sears there's lots of 814 00:29:36,810 --> 00:29:34,650 interesting research there yeah yeah 815 00:29:38,910 --> 00:29:36,820 research kind of lead the way to those 816 00:29:41,280 --> 00:29:38,920 answers yeah right yeah yeah discovers 817 00:29:44,040 --> 00:29:41,290 the questions yeah yeah that's 818 00:29:45,450 --> 00:29:44,050 interesting maybe just one more and this 819 00:29:47,730 --> 00:29:45,460 question came in a while ago from Hobbes 820 00:29:49,650 --> 00:29:47,740 555 so maybe it's been answered but I 821 00:29:50,760 --> 00:29:49,660 want to know is this like flying cars 822 00:29:52,650 --> 00:29:50,770 what's the mission 823 00:29:56,310 --> 00:29:52,660 can we call these flying cars or is that 824 00:29:58,520 --> 00:29:56,320 something else well so if you if you 825 00:30:00,390 --> 00:29:58,530 want to call them flying cars 826 00:30:02,700 --> 00:30:00,400 technically can I mean some of these 827 00:30:05,160 --> 00:30:02,710 vehicle configurations do have wheels 828 00:30:07,350 --> 00:30:05,170 right when we're landing cool some do 829 00:30:09,120 --> 00:30:07,360 some don't right so if you have wheels 830 00:30:10,830 --> 00:30:09,130 and you can actually do taxis I guess 831 00:30:13,890 --> 00:30:10,840 technically if you can hear y'all the 832 00:30:16,500 --> 00:30:13,900 flying car you know people do call them 833 00:30:17,850 --> 00:30:16,510 urban air mobility vehicles do the fact 834 00:30:19,280 --> 00:30:17,860 they can perform a number of different 835 00:30:21,030 --> 00:30:19,290 functions and have slightly different 836 00:30:21,390 --> 00:30:21,040 operations than what we were used to 837 00:30:24,360 --> 00:30:21,400 today 838 00:30:26,700 --> 00:30:24,370 right so the terms you use can change 839 00:30:28,530 --> 00:30:26,710 but essentially it's like an air taxi a 840 00:30:29,970 --> 00:30:28,540 flying car I know whatever you wish to 841 00:30:31,500 --> 00:30:29,980 call it yeah and I think that the car 842 00:30:32,820 --> 00:30:31,510 implies a lot of freedom right and 843 00:30:34,830 --> 00:30:32,830 that's that automatically we were 844 00:30:36,240 --> 00:30:34,840 mentioning earlier yeah so most of these 845 00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:36,250 the initial vehicles are probably more 846 00:30:39,690 --> 00:30:38,170 like the air Metro Siobhan Julie was 847 00:30:41,730 --> 00:30:39,700 mentioning earlier right there kind of 848 00:30:43,200 --> 00:30:41,740 designated where they're going to go so 849 00:30:44,940 --> 00:30:43,210 if you wanted to call that a car sure 850 00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:44,950 you could but in general it's more like 851 00:30:49,410 --> 00:30:47,890 a subway or yeah it's it's going where 852 00:30:50,910 --> 00:30:49,420 it's going to go and okay it can help 853 00:30:53,460 --> 00:30:50,920 you get there quickly just turn it off 854 00:30:55,620 --> 00:30:53,470 yeah okay cool all right well let's move 855 00:30:56,700 --> 00:30:55,630 on to our next topic so that we don't 856 00:30:57,379 --> 00:30:56,710 run out of time but we're gonna come 857 00:30:59,509 --> 00:30:57,389 back to work 858 00:31:01,639 --> 00:30:59,519 since later so I know that NASA has 859 00:31:03,289 --> 00:31:01,649 already done a bunch of research for 860 00:31:04,969 --> 00:31:03,299 several years that really help lay the 861 00:31:06,019 --> 00:31:04,979 groundwork for this urban air mobility 862 00:31:08,299 --> 00:31:06,029 work that you're doing 863 00:31:10,039 --> 00:31:08,309 so Joey you were a big part of that can 864 00:31:12,859 --> 00:31:10,049 you tell us about the system you worked 865 00:31:15,589 --> 00:31:12,869 on yeah so for the past five years or so 866 00:31:19,310 --> 00:31:15,599 we have been working on how do you 867 00:31:20,719 --> 00:31:19,320 manage small drones at low altitude at 868 00:31:22,399 --> 00:31:20,729 kind of a big scale how do you have 869 00:31:23,930 --> 00:31:22,409 thousands of small drones flying over 870 00:31:25,099 --> 00:31:23,940 the state of California taking care of 871 00:31:28,489 --> 00:31:25,109 things okay 872 00:31:29,899 --> 00:31:28,499 so again that's the current air traffic 873 00:31:32,479 --> 00:31:29,909 management system was not designed to 874 00:31:34,310 --> 00:31:32,489 handle that kind of traffic so how do we 875 00:31:36,319 --> 00:31:34,320 enable those use cases in those business 876 00:31:38,029 --> 00:31:36,329 cases to occur without overloading the 877 00:31:40,009 --> 00:31:38,039 current system and keeping everything as 878 00:31:42,529 --> 00:31:40,019 safe as possible so that's what came 879 00:31:44,449 --> 00:31:42,539 about our research was called UTM UAS 880 00:31:45,680 --> 00:31:44,459 traffic management and again us traffic 881 00:31:47,479 --> 00:31:45,690 man just means how do you manage drones 882 00:31:59,229 --> 00:31:47,489 all right how do you manage travel yeah 883 00:32:02,539 --> 00:32:01,579 but yeah we were focused again on small 884 00:32:04,279 --> 00:32:02,549 drones we're talking with fifty five 885 00:32:06,139 --> 00:32:04,289 pounds and under okay and we're talking 886 00:32:07,819 --> 00:32:06,149 about low altitude typically 400 feet 887 00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:07,829 and under yeah but again you can 888 00:32:11,930 --> 00:32:09,570 accomplish a lot of things just in that 889 00:32:13,549 --> 00:32:11,940 airspace with these kind of vehicles and 890 00:32:15,109 --> 00:32:13,559 it made us ask certain questions and 891 00:32:16,849 --> 00:32:15,119 develop certain systems and test certain 892 00:32:19,099 --> 00:32:16,859 things with partners and the FAA that 893 00:32:20,719 --> 00:32:19,109 lays the groundwork for some of the 894 00:32:22,579 --> 00:32:20,729 still open questions for urban air 895 00:32:23,839 --> 00:32:22,589 mobility that we have been talking yeah 896 00:32:26,329 --> 00:32:23,849 yeah that sounds familiar 897 00:32:28,099 --> 00:32:26,339 yeah kind of work you're doing you 898 00:32:30,109 --> 00:32:28,109 mentioned lots of applications what are 899 00:32:33,859 --> 00:32:30,119 some examples for small drones there 900 00:32:35,419 --> 00:32:33,869 there are a lot usually the you can 901 00:32:37,639 --> 00:32:35,429 actually classify them into some of the 902 00:32:39,649 --> 00:32:37,649 more interesting ones into the 3ds dirty 903 00:32:41,690 --> 00:32:39,659 dangerous and dull jobs there's a lot of 904 00:32:43,909 --> 00:32:41,700 jobs you can do with these drones that 905 00:32:45,799 --> 00:32:43,919 can actually keep people safer that are 906 00:32:47,299 --> 00:32:45,809 doing them right infrastructure 907 00:32:48,799 --> 00:32:47,309 inspection for example you know looking 908 00:32:50,319 --> 00:32:48,809 at a cell tower taking pictures and 909 00:32:53,060 --> 00:32:50,329 making sure it's working correctly 910 00:32:54,769 --> 00:32:53,070 people die climbing those towers every 911 00:32:56,899 --> 00:32:54,779 year right and and other kind of 912 00:32:58,879 --> 00:32:56,909 powerline inspection these jobs aren't 913 00:33:01,519 --> 00:32:58,889 always the safest jobs but you can make 914 00:33:02,779 --> 00:33:01,529 them safer by using drones right and 915 00:33:04,639 --> 00:33:02,789 then things like there's agricultural 916 00:33:06,799 --> 00:33:04,649 applications as well taking pictures of 917 00:33:08,839 --> 00:33:06,809 your field and doing analysis on that as 918 00:33:10,289 --> 00:33:08,849 well as public safety things fire and 919 00:33:13,499 --> 00:33:10,299 police agencies are using these 920 00:33:14,669 --> 00:33:13,509 more and at the local level large 921 00:33:16,499 --> 00:33:14,679 company talking about delivering things 922 00:33:17,759 --> 00:33:16,509 to your doorstep again all this can 923 00:33:19,859 --> 00:33:17,769 happen with drones under fifty five 924 00:33:20,789 --> 00:33:19,869 pounds and under four hundred feet so 925 00:33:22,769 --> 00:33:20,799 there's a lot of things you can actually 926 00:33:24,149 --> 00:33:22,779 do with them right yeah for sure and how 927 00:33:26,310 --> 00:33:24,159 do you will let everyone do all those 928 00:33:27,810 --> 00:33:26,320 things simultaneously and keep the 929 00:33:29,129 --> 00:33:27,820 airspace safe exactly that was kind of 930 00:33:31,339 --> 00:33:29,139 the research that we were looking at yes 931 00:33:35,039 --> 00:33:31,349 because that's always the key really 932 00:33:36,209 --> 00:33:35,049 yeah what was your role exactly so I was 933 00:33:38,039 --> 00:33:36,219 the chief engineer for the project so it 934 00:33:41,249 --> 00:33:38,049 was really about kind of coordinating a 935 00:33:43,049 --> 00:33:41,259 lot of the technical aspects of it I did 936 00:33:44,940 --> 00:33:43,059 focus a lot on the software aspect of it 937 00:33:46,379 --> 00:33:44,950 so we talked about automation earlier in 938 00:33:47,789 --> 00:33:46,389 the airspace management how it's gonna 939 00:33:49,859 --> 00:33:47,799 have to be automated in the future to 940 00:33:51,119 --> 00:33:49,869 handle all of this traffic so how do you 941 00:33:51,779 --> 00:33:51,129 build a system that enables all this 942 00:33:53,849 --> 00:33:51,789 stuff to happen 943 00:33:55,529 --> 00:33:53,859 you know it's it's cloud-based and it 944 00:33:58,349 --> 00:33:55,539 leverages a lot of best practices in the 945 00:33:59,819 --> 00:33:58,359 software industry with our knowledge and 946 00:34:01,049 --> 00:33:59,829 expertise at NASA for air traffic 947 00:34:03,180 --> 00:34:01,059 management right so how do you marry 948 00:34:05,279 --> 00:34:03,190 those two things and that's really what 949 00:34:07,289 --> 00:34:05,289 what we were looking at and Joey won't 950 00:34:09,539 --> 00:34:07,299 admit this but he was the brains behind 951 00:34:10,649 --> 00:34:09,549 the the UTM project and I would say that 952 00:34:12,779 --> 00:34:10,659 Joey and his team 953 00:34:14,129 --> 00:34:12,789 most recently won the NASA software the 954 00:34:15,839 --> 00:34:14,139 Year award so that's actually kind of a 955 00:34:17,789 --> 00:34:15,849 big deal so give Joe a shout-out for 956 00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:17,799 that yeah yeah we we have a lot of 957 00:34:20,250 --> 00:34:18,970 brains on the project which is great 958 00:34:22,529 --> 00:34:20,260 right that's how you make it successful 959 00:34:23,519 --> 00:34:22,539 in Elon perspectives having a lot of 960 00:34:25,379 --> 00:34:23,529 people with a lot of different 961 00:34:26,339 --> 00:34:25,389 backgrounds to come to that is how you 962 00:34:27,690 --> 00:34:26,349 kind of get to these innovative 963 00:34:29,220 --> 00:34:27,700 solutions and NASA's a great place to 964 00:34:35,220 --> 00:34:29,230 kind of allow that to happen yeah 965 00:34:40,079 --> 00:34:35,230 awesome Congrats Thanks so what are some 966 00:34:42,659 --> 00:34:40,089 specific abilities you you gave the 967 00:34:45,329 --> 00:34:42,669 drones or the system like you want to 968 00:34:47,700 --> 00:34:45,339 keep them keep them separate specific 969 00:34:49,680 --> 00:34:47,710 examples you know we had sort of a clean 970 00:34:51,329 --> 00:34:49,690 sheet to begin thinking about how to get 971 00:34:52,680 --> 00:34:51,339 this done really again it's a clean 972 00:34:53,849 --> 00:34:52,690 sheet but with the understanding of how 973 00:34:54,899 --> 00:34:53,859 the airspace works and the other 974 00:34:56,460 --> 00:34:54,909 vehicles work right 975 00:34:58,200 --> 00:34:56,470 so with those bounds what what do we 976 00:34:59,430 --> 00:34:58,210 want the system to do one of the key 977 00:35:00,750 --> 00:34:59,440 things is how do we help make sure the 978 00:35:03,900 --> 00:35:00,760 drones don't run into each other right 979 00:35:06,630 --> 00:35:03,910 yes for starters helps them stay safely 980 00:35:07,650 --> 00:35:06,640 separated you know at some degree also 981 00:35:08,910 --> 00:35:07,660 how do we keep them separate from 982 00:35:10,589 --> 00:35:08,920 traditional aviation how do we make sure 983 00:35:12,329 --> 00:35:10,599 they don't fly into other aircraft right 984 00:35:14,789 --> 00:35:12,339 can you build some system that helps 985 00:35:16,019 --> 00:35:14,799 helps with that process you know one 986 00:35:17,609 --> 00:35:16,029 layer of this isn't gonna be the end all 987 00:35:19,380 --> 00:35:17,619 and be all of all these answers but how 988 00:35:23,430 --> 00:35:19,390 do we start this process of keeping the 989 00:35:25,019 --> 00:35:23,440 airspace safe also how do we allow folks 990 00:35:26,190 --> 00:35:25,029 that are doing these operations and the 991 00:35:27,539 --> 00:35:26,200 vehicles that are doing a supper to be 992 00:35:29,910 --> 00:35:27,549 identifiable right we don't want just 993 00:35:31,200 --> 00:35:29,920 rogue or unidentified flying around the 994 00:35:33,329 --> 00:35:31,210 airspace is they need to know what's 995 00:35:34,890 --> 00:35:33,339 there right to keep the airspace against 996 00:35:37,230 --> 00:35:34,900 safe there's kind of a security aspect 997 00:35:40,589 --> 00:35:37,240 to that as well and then how do you have 998 00:35:43,890 --> 00:35:40,599 some priority for important operations 999 00:35:45,420 --> 00:35:43,900 right so for example recently there was 1000 00:35:47,940 --> 00:35:45,430 actually a drone that delivered a human 1001 00:35:49,499 --> 00:35:47,950 kidney for transplant that was actually 1002 00:35:51,779 --> 00:35:49,509 transplanted into a person Wow 1003 00:35:54,299 --> 00:35:51,789 successfully right so that was 1004 00:35:55,920 --> 00:35:54,309 demonstrated one one important use case 1005 00:35:58,200 --> 00:35:55,930 for drones yeah how do we let that 1006 00:35:59,390 --> 00:35:58,210 happen without being hindered by drones 1007 00:36:01,859 --> 00:35:59,400 that are delivering hot dogs to people 1008 00:36:04,079 --> 00:36:01,869 to make sure the hot dog drones get out 1009 00:36:09,539 --> 00:36:04,089 of the way right kidney drone come 1010 00:36:11,670 --> 00:36:09,549 through these priority operations need 1011 00:36:13,170 --> 00:36:11,680 to be thought of as important in the 1012 00:36:14,789 --> 00:36:13,180 system as we design it out yeah there's 1013 00:36:16,470 --> 00:36:14,799 a lot more of the important class of 1014 00:36:18,120 --> 00:36:16,480 operations you you can you can think 1015 00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:18,130 about but the idea is how do we make 1016 00:36:21,539 --> 00:36:20,410 sure that can actually occur right then 1017 00:36:22,349 --> 00:36:21,549 all of this can occur right you'll get 1018 00:36:24,180 --> 00:36:22,359 your hot dogs 1019 00:36:27,960 --> 00:36:24,190 you'll get it but after the kidney is 1020 00:36:29,910 --> 00:36:27,970 revered thirty seconds later and I would 1021 00:36:31,890 --> 00:36:29,920 actually add the services that Joey just 1022 00:36:33,809 --> 00:36:31,900 laid out they are extensible and 1023 00:36:35,010 --> 00:36:33,819 applicable for any new entrant right so 1024 00:36:37,380 --> 00:36:35,020 Joey was talking about how they were 1025 00:36:38,910 --> 00:36:37,390 applied for drones yeah if you can think 1026 00:36:41,519 --> 00:36:38,920 about for these larger urban air 1027 00:36:43,920 --> 00:36:41,529 mobility vehicles for any new entrant or 1028 00:36:45,779 --> 00:36:43,930 Zeppelin these same tenants can be 1029 00:36:47,700 --> 00:36:45,789 applied so it's actually a really great 1030 00:36:49,740 --> 00:36:47,710 foundation for us to build off of and 1031 00:36:51,779 --> 00:36:49,750 extend for new entrants into our 1032 00:36:53,849 --> 00:36:51,789 national airspace yeah yeah it's so 1033 00:36:56,549 --> 00:36:53,859 clear how right supports the same things 1034 00:36:58,529 --> 00:36:56,559 challenge Lee's working right I mean the 1035 00:36:59,490 --> 00:36:58,539 key thing is you know the current system 1036 00:37:01,529 --> 00:36:59,500 again the air traffic controllers don't 1037 00:37:04,019 --> 00:37:01,539 want to be controlling a 40-pound drone 1038 00:37:06,329 --> 00:37:04,029 at 200 feet right they're not you have 1039 00:37:11,549 --> 00:37:06,339 enough to do with their crane they don't 1040 00:37:12,390 --> 00:37:11,559 want to hire 10,000 more operators so 1041 00:37:13,829 --> 00:37:12,400 again they're kind of this is the 1042 00:37:14,940 --> 00:37:13,839 automation of the airspace and allowing 1043 00:37:17,430 --> 00:37:14,950 these new entrants and again a lot of 1044 00:37:19,499 --> 00:37:17,440 these things will translate over to this 1045 00:37:21,180 --> 00:37:19,509 this air taxi urban air the ability 1046 00:37:22,410 --> 00:37:21,190 world yeah finding out how much of that 1047 00:37:23,760 --> 00:37:22,420 transfers over how much of it has to 1048 00:37:25,470 --> 00:37:23,770 change a little bit but we have a 1049 00:37:27,329 --> 00:37:25,480 foundation to start with totally yeah 1050 00:37:29,279 --> 00:37:27,339 yeah so they're kind of enters a Jenni 1051 00:37:30,220 --> 00:37:29,289 CD 25s questionnaire management will be 1052 00:37:32,800 --> 00:37:30,230 autonomous and 1053 00:37:35,200 --> 00:37:32,810 it will be autonomous it will have a 1054 00:37:36,310 --> 00:37:35,210 autonomous aspects right it doesn't mean 1055 00:37:38,980 --> 00:37:36,320 you just push a button in the airspace 1056 00:37:40,960 --> 00:37:38,990 is completely right free to go and the 1057 00:37:42,430 --> 00:37:40,970 autonomous the the I thought it was 1058 00:37:44,260 --> 00:37:42,440 nature of it will increase over time 1059 00:37:46,330 --> 00:37:44,270 right you know when you get started you 1060 00:37:47,920 --> 00:37:46,340 only have so many operations and you 1061 00:37:49,570 --> 00:37:47,930 might have a good amount of human 1062 00:37:51,220 --> 00:37:49,580 supervision but the unit's things scale 1063 00:37:53,260 --> 00:37:51,230 out how much of that can be automated 1064 00:37:55,780 --> 00:37:53,270 and making sure you do it again in a 1065 00:37:58,300 --> 00:37:55,790 safe way it's more of like a continuing 1066 00:38:00,160 --> 00:37:58,310 right so it's there's gonna be pieces of 1067 00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:00,170 it that are automated some functions and 1068 00:38:03,400 --> 00:38:01,490 then how does that can house that 1069 00:38:05,590 --> 00:38:03,410 continuum grow that's right over time 1070 00:38:08,530 --> 00:38:05,600 yeah make sense building up on it right 1071 00:38:10,420 --> 00:38:08,540 exactly yeah so the drone traffic 1072 00:38:13,270 --> 00:38:10,430 management system what does it look like 1073 00:38:14,710 --> 00:38:13,280 or feel like for a user a pilot like if 1074 00:38:15,160 --> 00:38:14,720 I want to fly my drone what am I going 1075 00:38:16,660 --> 00:38:15,170 to see 1076 00:38:18,849 --> 00:38:16,670 yeah in the future hopefully it would be 1077 00:38:21,040 --> 00:38:18,859 very transparent it shouldn't be a big 1078 00:38:22,540 --> 00:38:21,050 burden to actually use the system so 1079 00:38:24,220 --> 00:38:22,550 there's actually be a layer between you 1080 00:38:25,840 --> 00:38:24,230 and the airspace and it would be kind of 1081 00:38:27,430 --> 00:38:25,850 a service provider to get into the 1082 00:38:28,840 --> 00:38:27,440 airspace almost like a cell service 1083 00:38:30,430 --> 00:38:28,850 provider right you want to make phone 1084 00:38:32,080 --> 00:38:30,440 calls you have a cell service provider 1085 00:38:34,390 --> 00:38:32,090 yeah you can talk to other cell service 1086 00:38:35,740 --> 00:38:34,400 providers plainly so you would have one 1087 00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:35,750 of those providers that get you access 1088 00:38:38,620 --> 00:38:37,010 to the airspace right you would tell 1089 00:38:40,060 --> 00:38:38,630 them what you want to do maybe your 1090 00:38:41,200 --> 00:38:40,070 intent I want to fly from here to here 1091 00:38:41,859 --> 00:38:41,210 and I'm gonna do it about this time 1092 00:38:42,970 --> 00:38:41,869 mm-hmm 1093 00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:42,980 the idea is that these service providers 1094 00:38:46,630 --> 00:38:44,570 share that information amongst each 1095 00:38:48,670 --> 00:38:46,640 other they do what's necessary to keep 1096 00:38:50,380 --> 00:38:48,680 the airspace safe and be conflicted and 1097 00:38:53,109 --> 00:38:50,390 and messages flowing that need to flow 1098 00:38:54,670 --> 00:38:53,119 and you as a pilot just take care of 1099 00:38:56,530 --> 00:38:54,680 your mission right you just fly your 1100 00:38:58,090 --> 00:38:56,540 operation how much of that operation is 1101 00:38:59,650 --> 00:38:58,100 automated and not automated you know 1102 00:39:02,080 --> 00:38:59,660 that depends in the future how far you 1103 00:39:04,270 --> 00:39:02,090 go but a pilot would be in charge of 1104 00:39:06,040 --> 00:39:04,280 that operation and would do it cleanly 1105 00:39:07,750 --> 00:39:06,050 and receive information back from these 1106 00:39:09,040 --> 00:39:07,760 service providers about any changes in 1107 00:39:11,230 --> 00:39:09,050 the airspace or things you need to know 1108 00:39:13,060 --> 00:39:11,240 right like there's a storm coming up 1109 00:39:14,560 --> 00:39:13,070 exactly there's an emergency operation 1110 00:39:20,380 --> 00:39:14,570 that's right yeah that kidneys coming 1111 00:39:22,420 --> 00:39:20,390 through right no it's something I know I 1112 00:39:24,520 --> 00:39:22,430 was just gonna add that I think there's 1113 00:39:27,220 --> 00:39:24,530 the whole host of different types of 1114 00:39:29,290 --> 00:39:27,230 operations yeah it kind of lends itself 1115 00:39:32,440 --> 00:39:29,300 to setting up different missions right 1116 00:39:33,880 --> 00:39:32,450 and then I'd also add that the tools and 1117 00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:33,890 the technologies and the integration 1118 00:39:38,470 --> 00:39:36,050 with the partners that was built up 1119 00:39:40,720 --> 00:39:38,480 under UTM I think is a great model they 1120 00:39:42,560 --> 00:39:40,730 interface with a whole host of industry 1121 00:39:44,180 --> 00:39:42,570 partners along with the FAA 1122 00:39:46,040 --> 00:39:44,190 that same model of collaborative 1123 00:39:51,230 --> 00:39:46,050 innovation is what we're aiming for yeah 1124 00:39:54,350 --> 00:39:51,240 yeah and I wanted to go back to earlier 1125 00:39:55,670 --> 00:39:54,360 you somebody asked about like traffic 1126 00:39:56,600 --> 00:39:55,680 light source I forget what the question 1127 00:39:58,430 --> 00:39:56,610 was maybe you're saying there would be 1128 00:40:00,110 --> 00:39:58,440 digital traffic lights right not 1129 00:40:02,270 --> 00:40:00,120 physical things up in this guy but you 1130 00:40:03,860 --> 00:40:02,280 told me that we can think of the drone 1131 00:40:05,750 --> 00:40:03,870 traffic management is like rules of the 1132 00:40:08,180 --> 00:40:05,760 road that we know when driving right 1133 00:40:10,130 --> 00:40:08,190 yeah you know we think about driving 1134 00:40:11,630 --> 00:40:10,140 today the folks that are driving in 1135 00:40:12,950 --> 00:40:11,640 general you hope and expect that they 1136 00:40:15,050 --> 00:40:12,960 know the rules of the road right they 1137 00:40:16,460 --> 00:40:15,060 know yeah what a red light means they 1138 00:40:18,350 --> 00:40:16,470 knew what to do when you both come to a 1139 00:40:19,640 --> 00:40:18,360 stop sign at the same time they know how 1140 00:40:21,620 --> 00:40:19,650 fast you can go on the freeway and how 1141 00:40:24,350 --> 00:40:21,630 to change lanes those kind of things 1142 00:40:25,820 --> 00:40:24,360 don't exist for drone traffic right so 1143 00:40:26,630 --> 00:40:25,830 how do what are those procedures what 1144 00:40:28,640 --> 00:40:26,640 are those rules 1145 00:40:30,560 --> 00:40:28,650 who has the right away in certain 1146 00:40:31,730 --> 00:40:30,570 scenarios and how do you share that 1147 00:40:33,530 --> 00:40:31,740 information to make sure that everyone's 1148 00:40:35,150 --> 00:40:33,540 aware of the same rule set and those 1149 00:40:36,470 --> 00:40:35,160 other things so that is a lot of the 1150 00:40:38,240 --> 00:40:36,480 research we do as well so that's really 1151 00:40:39,830 --> 00:40:38,250 the drone traffic management system it's 1152 00:40:41,570 --> 00:40:39,840 you know defining those rows LaRose the 1153 00:40:43,340 --> 00:40:41,580 procedures making sure everyone's 1154 00:40:44,750 --> 00:40:43,350 checked out on all those things to 1155 00:40:47,630 --> 00:40:44,760 enable all these operations to happen 1156 00:40:48,620 --> 00:40:47,640 yeah yeah and you know and you have on 1157 00:40:50,150 --> 00:40:48,630 your phone it does you want as a traffic 1158 00:40:51,500 --> 00:40:50,160 jam ahead right so that's the next level 1159 00:40:52,880 --> 00:40:51,510 of service was right and that would be 1160 00:40:56,360 --> 00:40:52,890 part of the ecosystem as well oh there 1161 00:40:58,280 --> 00:40:56,370 is weather ahead or there is a lot of 1162 00:41:00,440 --> 00:40:58,290 drones over here so maybe you should go 1163 00:41:01,700 --> 00:41:00,450 over there right sharing data so that 1164 00:41:03,650 --> 00:41:01,710 you can make those decisions yeah 1165 00:41:05,810 --> 00:41:03,660 awesome yeah that's really clear cool oh 1166 00:41:08,090 --> 00:41:05,820 we have a question here from Chen Dane 1167 00:41:10,910 --> 00:41:08,100 will Dee's Jones have an option for 1168 00:41:12,830 --> 00:41:10,920 multitasking for example the drunk could 1169 00:41:17,030 --> 00:41:12,840 be delivering a kidney and also acting 1170 00:41:18,860 --> 00:41:17,040 as a traffic camera in route so will 1171 00:41:20,150 --> 00:41:18,870 they have like different yeah I think 1172 00:41:21,980 --> 00:41:20,160 the person waiting for the kidney would 1173 00:41:25,730 --> 00:41:21,990 hope maybe this it's focused on the 1174 00:41:27,320 --> 00:41:25,740 kidney but in general yeah it's all 1175 00:41:28,880 --> 00:41:27,330 about the vehicle capabilities right 1176 00:41:31,400 --> 00:41:28,890 what did they design the vehicle to do 1177 00:41:33,560 --> 00:41:31,410 and the idea with our research with 1178 00:41:34,760 --> 00:41:33,570 traffic management and and and all those 1179 00:41:36,560 --> 00:41:34,770 sorts of things how do we make sure we 1180 00:41:37,970 --> 00:41:36,570 don't cut off any of those use cases how 1181 00:41:39,260 --> 00:41:37,980 do we make sure we enable folks to do 1182 00:41:42,680 --> 00:41:39,270 the things they need and want to do in 1183 00:41:44,930 --> 00:41:42,690 the air space safely so yes and we have 1184 00:41:46,940 --> 00:41:44,940 looked at drones being repurposed in 1185 00:41:48,890 --> 00:41:46,950 routes and right mm-hmm you may be doing 1186 00:41:50,090 --> 00:41:48,900 regular traffic surveillance but then 1187 00:41:51,110 --> 00:41:50,100 maybe there's a search and rescue thing 1188 00:41:52,820 --> 00:41:51,120 that has to happen and that drone could 1189 00:41:54,740 --> 00:41:52,830 be repurposed in flight and take off and 1190 00:41:55,640 --> 00:41:54,750 do something so this idea of repurposing 1191 00:41:57,830 --> 00:41:55,650 is definitely out there 1192 00:42:00,260 --> 00:41:57,840 yeah and I would say for whether it's a 1193 00:42:02,030 --> 00:42:00,270 single task or repurposing or multitasks 1194 00:42:03,950 --> 00:42:02,040 you know what you need is a secure 1195 00:42:05,120 --> 00:42:03,960 communication and navigation platform 1196 00:42:06,710 --> 00:42:05,130 right so you have to be able to 1197 00:42:09,380 --> 00:42:06,720 communicate to that that vehicle that 1198 00:42:11,240 --> 00:42:09,390 drone or that you am and be able to have 1199 00:42:13,940 --> 00:42:11,250 that communication be secure and that's 1200 00:42:15,620 --> 00:42:13,950 I think as you have multiple tasks that 1201 00:42:18,080 --> 00:42:15,630 still is the foundation is how do you 1202 00:42:21,860 --> 00:42:18,090 have safe and efficient operations right 1203 00:42:24,770 --> 00:42:21,870 yeah cool so this year you guys actually 1204 00:42:26,780 --> 00:42:24,780 had a big milestone yeah right yeah tell 1205 00:42:29,360 --> 00:42:26,790 us about what went down right I mean 1206 00:42:31,700 --> 00:42:29,370 we've been doing this since 2014 1207 00:42:33,410 --> 00:42:31,710 you know researching this drone traffic 1208 00:42:35,990 --> 00:42:33,420 management system and we've been kind of 1209 00:42:38,270 --> 00:42:36,000 building up in complexity of the kind of 1210 00:42:40,340 --> 00:42:38,280 cases that you can handle so when we got 1211 00:42:43,700 --> 00:42:40,350 to this summer we actually executed a 1212 00:42:45,290 --> 00:42:43,710 flight test to demonstrate the most 1213 00:42:47,090 --> 00:42:45,300 mature version of the system we have and 1214 00:42:49,100 --> 00:42:47,100 we do that an urban environment so we 1215 00:42:51,380 --> 00:42:49,110 flew in downtown Reno and we flew in 1216 00:42:54,590 --> 00:42:51,390 Corpus Christi Texas with the help of 1217 00:42:57,110 --> 00:42:54,600 the FA test sites at those areas and 1218 00:43:00,020 --> 00:42:57,120 many many partners doing that with us 1219 00:43:01,610 --> 00:43:00,030 right and and showing how this system 1220 00:43:02,990 --> 00:43:01,620 would work in an urban environment and 1221 00:43:04,220 --> 00:43:03,000 finding out where the limits are where 1222 00:43:06,110 --> 00:43:04,230 the gaps are and where it works really 1223 00:43:07,640 --> 00:43:06,120 well that's what we did this summer and 1224 00:43:09,590 --> 00:43:07,650 that was a really exciting time for us 1225 00:43:11,570 --> 00:43:09,600 awesome yeah you guys got video of that 1226 00:43:13,040 --> 00:43:11,580 didn't you oh yeah we probably have 1227 00:43:14,780 --> 00:43:13,050 something you tell us about if we can 1228 00:43:16,430 --> 00:43:14,790 for sure oh yeah you're looking at Reno 1229 00:43:18,770 --> 00:43:16,440 here are you looking at a couple of 1230 00:43:19,940 --> 00:43:18,780 drones taking off from the top of a 1231 00:43:21,500 --> 00:43:19,950 building and you can see they're flying 1232 00:43:23,180 --> 00:43:21,510 near the casinos and they're coming 1233 00:43:24,800 --> 00:43:23,190 really close to each other but actually 1234 00:43:26,630 --> 00:43:24,810 more space then you can tell from the 1235 00:43:29,060 --> 00:43:26,640 ground here and the key thing is that 1236 00:43:30,350 --> 00:43:29,070 the two pilots for those vehicles know 1237 00:43:32,030 --> 00:43:30,360 what the other one is doing because 1238 00:43:33,410 --> 00:43:32,040 they've been sharing information you can 1239 00:43:35,240 --> 00:43:33,420 see one holding up here all another one 1240 00:43:37,460 --> 00:43:35,250 passes by again that's the rules of the 1241 00:43:38,990 --> 00:43:37,470 road stuff we were talking about so 1242 00:43:40,610 --> 00:43:39,000 testing all those concepts and here you 1243 00:43:43,250 --> 00:43:40,620 seen kind of a Mission Control Center 1244 00:43:45,680 --> 00:43:43,260 with folks from NASA as well as the 1245 00:43:48,380 --> 00:43:45,690 Nevada Test Site working together to 1246 00:43:51,410 --> 00:43:48,390 execute these these activities sweet 1247 00:43:55,250 --> 00:43:51,420 interesting so you were not the only one 1248 00:43:57,560 --> 00:43:55,260 there were you doing you guys yeah I had 1249 00:44:00,320 --> 00:43:57,570 the chance to go out and observe the UTM 1250 00:44:02,570 --> 00:44:00,330 tests both in Reno and Texas and I would 1251 00:44:05,030 --> 00:44:02,580 say seeing the drones flying in that 1252 00:44:07,430 --> 00:44:05,040 urban environment really makes it 1253 00:44:08,350 --> 00:44:07,440 tangible right this is a reality that's 1254 00:44:11,240 --> 00:44:08,360 coming 1255 00:44:14,150 --> 00:44:11,250 to see how it's a combination of 1256 00:44:16,370 --> 00:44:14,160 software they leverage cloud services 1257 00:44:18,260 --> 00:44:16,380 plus the drone technology plus the 1258 00:44:20,510 --> 00:44:18,270 interplay of the folks on the ground you 1259 00:44:22,040 --> 00:44:20,520 really see what Joey was referring to as 1260 00:44:24,290 --> 00:44:22,050 earlier as kind of the National Airspace 1261 00:44:25,790 --> 00:44:24,300 kind of in a miniature version you're 1262 00:44:28,220 --> 00:44:25,800 running in these field trials which is 1263 00:44:30,830 --> 00:44:28,230 great to see and it really lends itself 1264 00:44:32,300 --> 00:44:30,840 to help us understand what are still 1265 00:44:34,100 --> 00:44:32,310 some of the major questions that we have 1266 00:44:36,590 --> 00:44:34,110 to address so all the data that's 1267 00:44:39,520 --> 00:44:36,600 collected from these demonstrations is 1268 00:44:42,080 --> 00:44:39,530 really I think very valuable oh yeah 1269 00:44:47,090 --> 00:44:42,090 what was your experience like Tiffani 1270 00:44:48,680 --> 00:44:47,100 well I was going to cover and help them 1271 00:44:50,390 --> 00:44:48,690 amplify you know the research that 1272 00:44:52,790 --> 00:44:50,400 they're doing for the public but I mean 1273 00:44:56,420 --> 00:44:52,800 I would say Reno was cold and then Texas 1274 00:44:58,280 --> 00:44:56,430 was very very hot but I would say you 1275 00:45:00,710 --> 00:44:58,290 know it was really a great experience to 1276 00:45:02,900 --> 00:45:00,720 see the team kind of just I feel like 1277 00:45:04,340 --> 00:45:02,910 every test day was different mom they 1278 00:45:06,530 --> 00:45:04,350 learned something one day and they 1279 00:45:08,600 --> 00:45:06,540 applied it the next day and even when 1280 00:45:11,330 --> 00:45:08,610 there were challenges to see them all 1281 00:45:13,550 --> 00:45:11,340 kind of come together six come up with a 1282 00:45:15,800 --> 00:45:13,560 plan fix it the next day was was really 1283 00:45:17,930 --> 00:45:15,810 great to see and to have covered this 1284 00:45:20,030 --> 00:45:17,940 project for like I don't know three four 1285 00:45:22,250 --> 00:45:20,040 years now it's kind of like great to see 1286 00:45:24,080 --> 00:45:22,260 you know they've come together yeah this 1287 00:45:25,880 --> 00:45:24,090 accomplishment with them it's it was 1288 00:45:27,590 --> 00:45:25,890 really really cool that's awesome yeah 1289 00:45:29,660 --> 00:45:27,600 but what would you say you learned in 1290 00:45:32,510 --> 00:45:29,670 the end from these tests in downtown 1291 00:45:33,620 --> 00:45:32,520 yeah you know maybe it sounds kind of 1292 00:45:34,970 --> 00:45:33,630 silly to say out loud but it's really 1293 00:45:37,130 --> 00:45:34,980 important to know that we learned that 1294 00:45:38,600 --> 00:45:37,140 the system works yes right actually 1295 00:45:40,220 --> 00:45:38,610 you'd actually do the things we've 1296 00:45:42,050 --> 00:45:40,230 thought it should be able to do right it 1297 00:45:43,730 --> 00:45:42,060 helps drones stay separate again it's 1298 00:45:46,160 --> 00:45:43,740 not the only layer of doing that right 1299 00:45:47,630 --> 00:45:46,170 but it's a key layer of doing that you 1300 00:45:48,890 --> 00:45:47,640 can make sure you have access for 1301 00:45:50,390 --> 00:45:48,900 priority operations you can actually 1302 00:45:53,810 --> 00:45:50,400 identify the drones in the airspace 1303 00:45:55,940 --> 00:45:53,820 digitally and in other ways so all of 1304 00:45:57,770 --> 00:45:55,950 those pieces were executed in that in 1305 00:46:00,020 --> 00:45:57,780 that airspace and the other key thing is 1306 00:46:01,880 --> 00:46:00,030 finding out more about what it takes to 1307 00:46:03,470 --> 00:46:01,890 fly in that environment right like what 1308 00:46:05,720 --> 00:46:03,480 kind of what kind of things makes this 1309 00:46:07,040 --> 00:46:05,730 hard right let's go there and fly that 1310 00:46:08,900 --> 00:46:07,050 and it's not again it's not just flying 1311 00:46:10,280 --> 00:46:08,910 one drone right a lot of folks can 1312 00:46:11,450 --> 00:46:10,290 demonstrate something with with one 1313 00:46:14,030 --> 00:46:11,460 drone and a lot of folks have done that 1314 00:46:15,800 --> 00:46:14,040 a lot of use cases but bringing a full 1315 00:46:17,390 --> 00:46:15,810 system out with many stakeholders trying 1316 00:46:18,170 --> 00:46:17,400 to collaboratively manage this airspace 1317 00:46:19,520 --> 00:46:18,180 and execute 1318 00:46:21,170 --> 00:46:19,530 Shen's is really important to do and 1319 00:46:22,490 --> 00:46:21,180 finding out where where more work needs 1320 00:46:23,720 --> 00:46:22,500 to be done and where things look like 1321 00:46:24,920 --> 00:46:23,730 they're solved right and that's what 1322 00:46:25,520 --> 00:46:24,930 these flight tests do for us right 1323 00:46:27,710 --> 00:46:25,530 perfect 1324 00:46:30,290 --> 00:46:27,720 yeah and so what's next for the drone 1325 00:46:31,490 --> 00:46:30,300 traffic management project so a lot of 1326 00:46:33,350 --> 00:46:31,500 this you know we've been continually 1327 00:46:34,460 --> 00:46:33,360 handing off to the FAA we talked about a 1328 00:46:36,590 --> 00:46:34,470 partnership live but it really is a 1329 00:46:38,750 --> 00:46:36,600 tight partnership yeah we meet with them 1330 00:46:41,600 --> 00:46:38,760 often probably more often than they 1331 00:46:42,890 --> 00:46:41,610 would like right we're talking with them 1332 00:46:44,900 --> 00:46:42,900 quite often to make sure we understand 1333 00:46:46,250 --> 00:46:44,910 what the FAA is thinking about where 1334 00:46:48,260 --> 00:46:46,260 this is going to make sure that what 1335 00:46:50,560 --> 00:46:48,270 we're research is tracking with that and 1336 00:46:52,640 --> 00:46:50,570 maybe leading it a little bit if we can 1337 00:46:55,100 --> 00:46:52,650 but they're going to be executing a 1338 00:46:56,900 --> 00:46:55,110 pilot program as well a second part of a 1339 00:46:58,580 --> 00:46:56,910 previous pilot program and we want to 1340 00:46:59,990 --> 00:46:58,590 help them in that execution and really 1341 00:47:01,850 --> 00:47:00,000 that's about taking the technologies 1342 00:47:04,040 --> 00:47:01,860 that we've been developing with the FAA 1343 00:47:05,960 --> 00:47:04,050 and our industry partners and making 1344 00:47:07,490 --> 00:47:05,970 them real in the airspace it's an 1345 00:47:08,900 --> 00:47:07,500 important step in that direction so 1346 00:47:10,660 --> 00:47:08,910 we're gonna we're gonna keep going that 1347 00:47:12,950 --> 00:47:10,670 way all right excellent 1348 00:47:16,340 --> 00:47:12,960 we have a question here from resonated 1349 00:47:19,090 --> 00:47:16,350 games is there any fundamental concept 1350 00:47:21,500 --> 00:47:19,100 that those in the private or commercial 1351 00:47:26,600 --> 00:47:21,510 sector testing of the drones should be 1352 00:47:29,150 --> 00:47:26,610 paying attention to there are so many 1353 00:47:31,940 --> 00:47:29,160 pieces to this right so a lot of folks 1354 00:47:33,650 --> 00:47:31,950 are specialized in a certain area might 1355 00:47:35,630 --> 00:47:33,660 be on the platform itself building you 1356 00:47:36,800 --> 00:47:35,640 know detect and avoid sensor how do you 1357 00:47:38,950 --> 00:47:36,810 actually see things in the airspace and 1358 00:47:41,150 --> 00:47:38,960 get out of their way and I think that 1359 00:47:43,130 --> 00:47:41,160 continuing to push all of those lanes is 1360 00:47:44,660 --> 00:47:43,140 important I think understanding the 1361 00:47:47,060 --> 00:47:44,670 ecosystem as a whole is also really 1362 00:47:49,250 --> 00:47:47,070 important I think folks that do work on 1363 00:47:50,900 --> 00:47:49,260 important sensors and it's important 1364 00:47:52,490 --> 00:47:50,910 platforms it's important for them to 1365 00:47:54,470 --> 00:47:52,500 also understand the ecosystem in which 1366 00:47:56,120 --> 00:47:54,480 those drones will operate so just trying 1367 00:47:57,500 --> 00:47:56,130 to keep pace and understand where the 1368 00:47:59,900 --> 00:47:57,510 research is heading and where the FAA is 1369 00:48:01,190 --> 00:47:59,910 signaled things are going just trying to 1370 00:48:06,950 --> 00:48:01,200 stay abreast of all that stuff is really 1371 00:48:08,990 --> 00:48:06,960 important here's a comment on the during 1372 00:48:11,720 --> 00:48:09,000 traffic management system maybe you can 1373 00:48:13,850 --> 00:48:11,730 respond twisted metals asks the pilot 1374 00:48:17,300 --> 00:48:13,860 will be watching a movie just like now 1375 00:48:20,840 --> 00:48:17,310 95 percent of the time so a drone pilot 1376 00:48:24,790 --> 00:48:20,850 will be watching on screen I don't know 1377 00:48:31,180 --> 00:48:28,450 95% of drone pilots I understand okay 1378 00:48:32,860 --> 00:48:31,190 are they watching their flight on screen 1379 00:48:34,570 --> 00:48:32,870 oh I see are they physically watching 1380 00:48:36,130 --> 00:48:34,580 the aircraft or are they watching some 1381 00:48:37,690 --> 00:48:36,140 representation of their operation on a 1382 00:48:39,700 --> 00:48:37,700 screen I guess that's the question yeah 1383 00:48:41,380 --> 00:48:39,710 I think it's more the latter right again 1384 00:48:43,180 --> 00:48:41,390 because we're trying to build a system 1385 00:48:45,160 --> 00:48:43,190 so that these vehicles can go beyond 1386 00:48:47,140 --> 00:48:45,170 visual line of sight of the operator of 1387 00:48:48,460 --> 00:48:47,150 the pilot oh yes all right so they're 1388 00:48:50,890 --> 00:48:48,470 not gonna be able to just watch it in 1389 00:48:52,180 --> 00:48:50,900 the sky right right and that's how you 1390 00:48:53,350 --> 00:48:52,190 enable all these business cases you 1391 00:48:55,180 --> 00:48:53,360 can't have someone watching the drone if 1392 00:48:57,700 --> 00:48:55,190 you're gonna go deliver that thing yeah 1393 00:48:59,530 --> 00:48:57,710 you know fire whales away you can't have 1394 00:49:01,300 --> 00:48:59,540 someone or a line of someone's watching 1395 00:49:03,010 --> 00:49:01,310 that so how do you build a system that 1396 00:49:05,080 --> 00:49:03,020 allows that so yeah there would be some 1397 00:49:07,060 --> 00:49:05,090 representation of the operation 1398 00:49:08,230 --> 00:49:07,070 occurring that the person that's in 1399 00:49:10,540 --> 00:49:08,240 charge of that operation would have 1400 00:49:12,580 --> 00:49:10,550 access to yeah it might be as simple as 1401 00:49:14,320 --> 00:49:12,590 a moving map with some alerts that are 1402 00:49:17,380 --> 00:49:14,330 coming on to it write something like 1403 00:49:18,820 --> 00:49:17,390 you'd see on your you know for for your 1404 00:49:20,560 --> 00:49:18,830 regular driving right something that's 1405 00:49:22,000 --> 00:49:20,570 letting you know where you're going or 1406 00:49:23,410 --> 00:49:22,010 it could be more advanced right it could 1407 00:49:25,480 --> 00:49:23,420 be a 3d view it could be a first-person 1408 00:49:27,070 --> 00:49:25,490 view really depends on the mission and 1409 00:49:28,540 --> 00:49:27,080 the environment you're flying in and 1410 00:49:32,410 --> 00:49:28,550 what the future rules actually are to do 1411 00:49:34,180 --> 00:49:32,420 that so yes yes yeah yeah I would add 1412 00:49:36,160 --> 00:49:34,190 regardless of whether it's a drone pilot 1413 00:49:37,630 --> 00:49:36,170 or a pilot onboard one of these new 1414 00:49:39,400 --> 00:49:37,640 types of vehicles there's gonna be 1415 00:49:41,380 --> 00:49:39,410 different ways of interacting with the 1416 00:49:43,900 --> 00:49:41,390 vehicle and controlling the vehicle just 1417 00:49:45,850 --> 00:49:43,910 as automation increases and there's 1418 00:49:47,290 --> 00:49:45,860 changes in how those vehicles fly I 1419 00:49:49,690 --> 00:49:47,300 think there's going to be some changes 1420 00:49:51,730 --> 00:49:49,700 in that traditional pilot flight deck or 1421 00:49:53,560 --> 00:49:51,740 cockpit relationship yes and how you 1422 00:49:55,360 --> 00:49:53,570 interface with that it's gonna change 1423 00:49:57,640 --> 00:49:55,370 and that's also another interesting area 1424 00:50:00,310 --> 00:49:57,650 of research all the way from you know 1425 00:50:02,380 --> 00:50:00,320 human-computer interface logic that goes 1426 00:50:05,080 --> 00:50:02,390 behind that as well as what button do I 1427 00:50:07,180 --> 00:50:05,090 push to to land or take off or is there 1428 00:50:10,300 --> 00:50:07,190 an easy fly button right so there's all 1429 00:50:12,730 --> 00:50:10,310 kinds of new ways to engage with with 1430 00:50:14,320 --> 00:50:12,740 aircraft whether it's a drone or some of 1431 00:50:16,240 --> 00:50:14,330 these new vehicles and I think that's a 1432 00:50:17,200 --> 00:50:16,250 really interesting area yeah I think one 1433 00:50:19,540 --> 00:50:17,210 of the key things we're seeing a lot of 1434 00:50:21,340 --> 00:50:19,550 research on from industry as well as you 1435 00:50:23,800 --> 00:50:21,350 know the NASA side is how do these 1436 00:50:25,570 --> 00:50:23,810 pilots maybe control more than one of 1437 00:50:27,130 --> 00:50:25,580 these right it doesn't have to be a 1438 00:50:29,170 --> 00:50:27,140 one-to-one relationship between one 1439 00:50:31,090 --> 00:50:29,180 pilot and one active operation or can 1440 00:50:33,130 --> 00:50:31,100 you expand that further right can you 1441 00:50:35,680 --> 00:50:33,140 actually have three people controlling 1442 00:50:37,600 --> 00:50:35,690 eight vehicles or can it be one 1443 00:50:38,140 --> 00:50:37,610 controlling too like what are the limits 1444 00:50:39,849 --> 00:50:38,150 of that and 1445 00:50:43,559 --> 00:50:39,859 tools need to exist in order to make 1446 00:50:47,499 --> 00:50:43,569 sure that again happens very safely yeah 1447 00:50:51,220 --> 00:50:47,509 we have a question here from Tamil 101 1448 00:50:52,989 --> 00:50:51,230 is there any corporation with autonomous 1449 00:50:54,609 --> 00:50:52,999 car research I expect there would be 1450 00:50:58,329 --> 00:50:54,619 similar challenges and opportunities for 1451 00:51:01,359 --> 00:50:58,339 with communication and control so I 1452 00:51:03,549 --> 00:51:01,369 think the same principles of of 1453 00:51:05,289 --> 00:51:03,559 autonomous car autonomous vehicle 1454 00:51:06,759 --> 00:51:05,299 self-driving cars however you wish to 1455 00:51:08,680 --> 00:51:06,769 call it those some of those same 1456 00:51:11,710 --> 00:51:08,690 principles are I think important in 1457 00:51:13,299 --> 00:51:11,720 aviation as well so what can I 1458 00:51:15,880 --> 00:51:13,309 understand what my environment is 1459 00:51:17,890 --> 00:51:15,890 presenting to me right so do I have some 1460 00:51:19,809 --> 00:51:17,900 awareness of what my environment is for 1461 00:51:21,130 --> 00:51:19,819 airplanes that would involve or aircraft 1462 00:51:23,769 --> 00:51:21,140 and drones it would involve weather 1463 00:51:25,480 --> 00:51:23,779 alright knowing how strong your 1464 00:51:27,700 --> 00:51:25,490 communication signal is to your base 1465 00:51:30,849 --> 00:51:27,710 operations but all of those same types 1466 00:51:32,849 --> 00:51:30,859 of questions about communication safe 1467 00:51:35,019 --> 00:51:32,859 communication reliable communication 1468 00:51:38,349 --> 00:51:35,029 understanding of the environment around 1469 00:51:39,609 --> 00:51:38,359 you being able to react appropriately to 1470 00:51:41,410 --> 00:51:39,619 the environment around you knowing the 1471 00:51:43,089 --> 00:51:41,420 rules of the road that Joey kind of 1472 00:51:44,650 --> 00:51:43,099 reference whether you're actually on the 1473 00:51:47,289 --> 00:51:44,660 road or flying and flying in the air 1474 00:51:52,420 --> 00:51:47,299 those are all same principles I'm glad 1475 00:51:53,829 --> 00:51:52,430 yeah yeah make sense cool I want to jump 1476 00:51:55,299 --> 00:51:53,839 back to another topic that I want to 1477 00:51:56,950 --> 00:51:55,309 make sure we don't miss of course one of 1478 00:51:59,229 --> 00:51:56,960 the coolest things I recently learned 1479 00:52:01,509 --> 00:51:59,239 about the urban air mobility research is 1480 00:52:03,370 --> 00:52:01,519 the simulation work that you guys do 1481 00:52:05,769 --> 00:52:03,380 yeah can you tell us about that yeah 1482 00:52:08,109 --> 00:52:05,779 sure so you know I think for all our 1483 00:52:10,359 --> 00:52:08,119 twitch fans out there you guys might 1484 00:52:13,150 --> 00:52:10,369 have Microsoft Flight Simulator have 1485 00:52:16,479 --> 00:52:13,160 used that so just like you could emulate 1486 00:52:20,259 --> 00:52:16,489 flying a Cessna or a piper or even like 1487 00:52:22,210 --> 00:52:20,269 a 747 we have advanced flight simulators 1488 00:52:23,829 --> 00:52:22,220 here at Ames they are kind of a 1489 00:52:25,690 --> 00:52:23,839 combination of flight simulators some 1490 00:52:27,549 --> 00:52:25,700 are fixed meaning they don't move and 1491 00:52:29,079 --> 00:52:27,559 some move and actually allow you to see 1492 00:52:30,670 --> 00:52:29,089 all feel all the forces that you would 1493 00:52:32,470 --> 00:52:30,680 experience like you were flying in in 1494 00:52:34,239 --> 00:52:32,480 real life so using we have a lots of 1495 00:52:36,069 --> 00:52:34,249 different kinds of simulators and it's 1496 00:52:38,109 --> 00:52:36,079 not just we have that the fact that we 1497 00:52:40,569 --> 00:52:38,119 have those simulators is that we have or 1498 00:52:42,309 --> 00:52:40,579 we're developing performance models for 1499 00:52:43,660 --> 00:52:42,319 these new types of vehicles and so we 1500 00:52:45,039 --> 00:52:43,670 can know then how they actually fly 1501 00:52:47,240 --> 00:52:45,049 right right I don't exist yet so you 1502 00:52:49,310 --> 00:52:47,250 have to invent the right model of it 1503 00:52:51,470 --> 00:52:49,320 right exactly it's to take some concept 1504 00:52:53,510 --> 00:52:51,480 vehicles understand how these vehicles 1505 00:52:55,820 --> 00:52:53,520 would fly with their performance be and 1506 00:52:59,150 --> 00:52:55,830 then how would they actually fly in an 1507 00:53:00,320 --> 00:52:59,160 emulated world in our airspace and go 1508 00:53:02,300 --> 00:53:00,330 through some of those same questions 1509 00:53:04,790 --> 00:53:02,310 overall been talking about now how do I 1510 00:53:07,190 --> 00:53:04,800 interact with my controls do I have a 1511 00:53:09,380 --> 00:53:07,200 joystick like I would for a helicopter 1512 00:53:11,540 --> 00:53:09,390 like a cyclic or do I have something 1513 00:53:13,250 --> 00:53:11,550 else and what is that mode of 1514 00:53:14,570 --> 00:53:13,260 interaction those are questions that we 1515 00:53:16,880 --> 00:53:14,580 can also think about for these 1516 00:53:19,490 --> 00:53:16,890 simulators yeah along with how do i 1517 00:53:21,110 --> 00:53:19,500 interface with some new traffic 1518 00:53:22,760 --> 00:53:21,120 management system specifically for my 1519 00:53:24,470 --> 00:53:22,770 vehicles building off the work that 1520 00:53:25,820 --> 00:53:24,480 Joey's been doing so there's all kinds 1521 00:53:27,710 --> 00:53:25,830 of different things we can investigate 1522 00:53:28,700 --> 00:53:27,720 with these simulators right testing 1523 00:53:32,600 --> 00:53:28,710 everything and how it comes together 1524 00:53:36,950 --> 00:53:32,610 exactly yeah right and we're gonna see 1525 00:53:39,050 --> 00:53:36,960 what this looks like let's do that 1526 00:53:42,290 --> 00:53:39,060 simulation video and tell us what we're 1527 00:53:45,140 --> 00:53:42,300 seeing sure this is gonna be so this is 1528 00:53:46,880 --> 00:53:45,150 a video from one of our fixed base 1529 00:53:49,250 --> 00:53:46,890 flight simulators so flight simulator 1530 00:53:51,830 --> 00:53:49,260 that does not move this is what from one 1531 00:53:53,930 --> 00:53:51,840 of our researchers Mike fury and his 1532 00:53:56,240 --> 00:53:53,940 simulator here you can see that it shows 1533 00:53:58,400 --> 00:53:56,250 a vehicle taking off of vertically and 1534 00:54:00,050 --> 00:53:58,410 now it's moving forward in flight and 1535 00:54:01,460 --> 00:54:00,060 what's actually really interesting is 1536 00:54:03,740 --> 00:54:01,470 some of these vehicles as they move 1537 00:54:05,300 --> 00:54:03,750 forward in flight have this transition 1538 00:54:07,520 --> 00:54:05,310 period because you have to transition 1539 00:54:09,860 --> 00:54:07,530 from vertical takeoff to forward flight 1540 00:54:11,690 --> 00:54:09,870 and helicopters that kind of occurs 1541 00:54:13,220 --> 00:54:11,700 instantaneously but for these vehicles 1542 00:54:14,960 --> 00:54:13,230 you're gonna have this transition period 1543 00:54:16,550 --> 00:54:14,970 and that's interesting to kind of 1544 00:54:18,800 --> 00:54:16,560 understand and now you can see the 1545 00:54:20,600 --> 00:54:18,810 vehicle flying in an urban center in 1546 00:54:23,060 --> 00:54:20,610 this case it's a model of San Francisco 1547 00:54:25,370 --> 00:54:23,070 and our simulators we can model almost 1548 00:54:27,020 --> 00:54:25,380 any type of urban environment or you 1549 00:54:29,000 --> 00:54:27,030 know any landscape that we wish to 1550 00:54:31,400 --> 00:54:29,010 understand or understand the procedures 1551 00:54:33,620 --> 00:54:31,410 of flying how would I land how would I 1552 00:54:35,030 --> 00:54:33,630 come in for my approach these are some 1553 00:54:37,130 --> 00:54:35,040 of the things that we can explore so you 1554 00:54:39,260 --> 00:54:37,140 can see this vehicle now coming in for 1555 00:54:40,970 --> 00:54:39,270 its approach and its landing and this is 1556 00:54:42,650 --> 00:54:40,980 an interesting question as you come in 1557 00:54:44,180 --> 00:54:42,660 for your approach and your landing you 1558 00:54:46,310 --> 00:54:44,190 can see that vehicle kind of pitch up a 1559 00:54:47,930 --> 00:54:46,320 little bit so how does that feel right 1560 00:54:50,330 --> 00:54:47,940 so if Joey and I we're sitting in the 1561 00:54:52,280 --> 00:54:50,340 back with coffees in hand yeah that 1562 00:54:54,200 --> 00:54:52,290 coffee spill or kind of how would we get 1563 00:54:56,480 --> 00:54:54,210 a war me first 1564 00:54:58,610 --> 00:54:56,490 so understanding that passenger 1565 00:54:59,780 --> 00:54:58,620 experience is actually a really big part 1566 00:55:02,150 --> 00:54:59,790 of some of the work that these 1567 00:55:04,550 --> 00:55:02,160 simulators can do so it's not quite this 1568 00:55:06,830 --> 00:55:04,560 simulator but we have another motion 1569 00:55:08,390 --> 00:55:06,840 simulator that allows us to understand 1570 00:55:10,490 --> 00:55:08,400 what is the passion passenger experience 1571 00:55:12,320 --> 00:55:10,500 what are the forces of elements yeah 1572 00:55:13,580 --> 00:55:12,330 what does it feel like right I'm glad 1573 00:55:16,100 --> 00:55:13,590 you're here 1574 00:55:27,830 --> 00:55:16,110 I got sick on a whale watch this year so 1575 00:55:30,020 --> 00:55:27,840 I would like you to find so these 1576 00:55:31,790 --> 00:55:30,030 simulators this this for me was one of 1577 00:55:33,530 --> 00:55:31,800 the coolest things I heard about do you 1578 00:55:34,880 --> 00:55:33,540 have a favorite aspect of this 1579 00:55:37,520 --> 00:55:34,890 researcher what's a really cool thing 1580 00:55:39,440 --> 00:55:37,530 you want to share yeah so I'd say the 1581 00:55:41,780 --> 00:55:39,450 number of questions that this research 1582 00:55:43,310 --> 00:55:41,790 is kind of highlighting is really 1583 00:55:45,650 --> 00:55:43,320 interesting and the fact that it's this 1584 00:55:49,430 --> 00:55:45,660 new era of aviation this new mode of 1585 00:55:51,800 --> 00:55:49,440 transportation is is very exciting so as 1586 00:55:54,110 --> 00:55:51,810 this technology kind of develops and 1587 00:55:55,340 --> 00:55:54,120 these these new vehicle configurations 1588 00:55:56,660 --> 00:55:55,350 come to life and we're starting to 1589 00:56:00,050 --> 00:55:56,670 explore them I think the really 1590 00:56:01,520 --> 00:56:00,060 interesting thing is that this is a area 1591 00:56:03,140 --> 00:56:01,530 of work that's going to continue 1592 00:56:04,730 --> 00:56:03,150 so all those folks that are interested 1593 00:56:06,680 --> 00:56:04,740 in understanding or maybe even 1594 00:56:08,780 --> 00:56:06,690 participating in this area you have a 1595 00:56:10,580 --> 00:56:08,790 chance to really be part of it so people 1596 00:56:12,620 --> 00:56:10,590 out there have a chance to be part of 1597 00:56:13,910 --> 00:56:12,630 this new era of Transportation they can 1598 00:56:15,560 --> 00:56:13,920 actually be involved which i think is 1599 00:56:17,270 --> 00:56:15,570 really neat right yeah this is by no 1600 00:56:19,790 --> 00:56:17,280 means finished and said all right we 1601 00:56:24,080 --> 00:56:19,800 ready help me exactly yeah awesome what 1602 00:56:26,840 --> 00:56:24,090 are you doing what I'm looking forward 1603 00:56:28,130 --> 00:56:26,850 to or whatever yeah you know just taking 1604 00:56:28,430 --> 00:56:28,140 a step back and looking at it from the 1605 00:56:30,020 --> 00:56:28,440 outside 1606 00:56:33,350 --> 00:56:30,030 ameri-ghen a little closer to being 1607 00:56:35,420 --> 00:56:33,360 Jetsons world right we're talking about 1608 00:56:38,570 --> 00:56:35,430 flying cars before yeah you know we're 1609 00:56:39,350 --> 00:56:38,580 still a few steps away from that but you 1610 00:56:41,240 --> 00:56:39,360 know we're getting there 1611 00:56:42,560 --> 00:56:41,250 we're gonna hopefully have some more 1612 00:56:43,160 --> 00:56:42,570 operations in the urban environment than 1613 00:56:44,570 --> 00:56:43,170 we had before 1614 00:56:45,830 --> 00:56:44,580 great they're gonna happen safely 1615 00:56:47,750 --> 00:56:45,840 they're gonna get us closer to exactly 1616 00:56:48,410 --> 00:56:47,760 where we want to go it's real it's 1617 00:56:50,660 --> 00:56:48,420 really neat to see 1618 00:56:53,769 --> 00:56:50,670 that's totally cool yeah 1619 00:56:56,690 --> 00:56:53,779 got a bunch of questions piling up we do 1620 00:56:58,910 --> 00:56:56,700 yeah so eventually you were speaking 1621 00:57:00,589 --> 00:56:58,920 about like the pasture passenger 1622 00:57:02,690 --> 00:57:00,599 experience and things like that 1623 00:57:03,859 --> 00:57:02,700 legit twitch channel has a question well 1624 00:57:05,989 --> 00:57:03,869 people will be required to wear 1625 00:57:09,710 --> 00:57:05,999 parachutes what kind of safety measures 1626 00:57:10,489 --> 00:57:09,720 would we expect in oxygen masks life 1627 00:57:12,170 --> 00:57:10,499 jackets 1628 00:57:14,299 --> 00:57:12,180 things like that yeah I know and I think 1629 00:57:15,769 --> 00:57:14,309 that's a great question and it raises 1630 00:57:18,049 --> 00:57:15,779 the fact that as these vehicles are 1631 00:57:20,690 --> 00:57:18,059 getting certified there is that aspect 1632 00:57:22,640 --> 00:57:20,700 of ensuring safe operations and in the 1633 00:57:24,229 --> 00:57:22,650 case of off-nominal events ensuring that 1634 00:57:26,089 --> 00:57:24,239 those folks on board have the 1635 00:57:29,390 --> 00:57:26,099 appropriate mechanisms to ensure safety 1636 00:57:31,220 --> 00:57:29,400 of Larry right so just like we have the 1637 00:57:32,900 --> 00:57:31,230 safety briefing we all love to sit in 1638 00:57:35,749 --> 00:57:32,910 when we get when we go fly on the 1639 00:57:37,999 --> 00:57:35,759 aircraft there has to be some think most 1640 00:57:39,920 --> 00:57:38,009 likely similar for for passenger 1641 00:57:42,200 --> 00:57:39,930 carrying vehicles even if they're urban 1642 00:57:44,239 --> 00:57:42,210 air mobility vehicles so safety is the 1643 00:57:46,309 --> 00:57:44,249 number-one concern for us for the FAA 1644 00:57:48,410 --> 00:57:46,319 and for industry that's developing these 1645 00:57:49,849 --> 00:57:48,420 vehicles so there will most likely be 1646 00:57:57,410 --> 00:57:49,859 something similar yeah we just don't 1647 00:57:59,690 --> 00:57:57,420 know quite what yet Johnny cz 25 trying 1648 00:58:03,109 --> 00:57:59,700 to pronounce these names 1649 00:58:04,789 --> 00:58:03,119 well the will it have aircraft cameras 1650 00:58:08,839 --> 00:58:04,799 with special software to create a 1651 00:58:12,579 --> 00:58:08,849 landing point I know that you have 1652 00:58:14,839 --> 00:58:12,589 worked on yeah landing so there is ins 1653 00:58:20,660 --> 00:58:14,849 there's a there's a lot in that question 1654 00:58:23,120 --> 00:58:20,670 yeah because it it speaks to the number 1655 00:58:24,680 --> 00:58:23,130 of ways you can accomplish things right 1656 00:58:26,870 --> 00:58:24,690 so yes you even you look at the small 1657 00:58:29,450 --> 00:58:26,880 drones they do have cameras of different 1658 00:58:31,519 --> 00:58:29,460 types that help identify if a landing 1659 00:58:32,660 --> 00:58:31,529 location is safe to land or not because 1660 00:58:34,489 --> 00:58:32,670 you can plan ahead of time I'm going to 1661 00:58:35,779 --> 00:58:34,499 land in this open field right and I'm 1662 00:58:37,489 --> 00:58:35,789 gonna go there and I'm gonna land that 1663 00:58:38,960 --> 00:58:37,499 everything's good but you get there and 1664 00:58:40,640 --> 00:58:38,970 there's a car there or people are having 1665 00:58:42,109 --> 00:58:40,650 a picnic right right do you have a 1666 00:58:43,549 --> 00:58:42,119 system on board that can help you 1667 00:58:45,920 --> 00:58:43,559 identify that and then go to an 1668 00:58:47,930 --> 00:58:45,930 alternate location so some visual 1669 00:58:49,099 --> 00:58:47,940 technology is used to do that some of 1670 00:58:51,579 --> 00:58:49,109 that has been developed at NASA Langley 1671 00:58:54,470 --> 00:58:51,589 for example to do those sorts of things 1672 00:58:55,999 --> 00:58:54,480 and in general when they're planning 1673 00:58:57,620 --> 00:58:56,009 their operations there would be some 1674 00:58:58,940 --> 00:58:57,630 visualization probably of where they 1675 00:59:01,400 --> 00:58:58,950 would like to go and how they would like 1676 00:59:02,530 --> 00:59:01,410 to get there so you could put a point on 1677 00:59:03,760 --> 00:59:02,540 a screen and then that 1678 00:59:05,350 --> 00:59:03,770 be translated into a flight plan and 1679 00:59:07,450 --> 00:59:05,360 that can be communicated to the system 1680 00:59:09,460 --> 00:59:07,460 all these things are things that are 1681 00:59:11,650 --> 00:59:09,470 possible and we've seen examples of 1682 00:59:15,460 --> 00:59:11,660 already yeah yeah Annie okay so you're 1683 00:59:17,260 --> 00:59:15,470 all over that hate on that yeah we have 1684 00:59:20,440 --> 00:59:17,270 a question here 1685 00:59:21,970 --> 00:59:20,450 goofy joy resonator ticket game says if 1686 00:59:24,190 --> 00:59:21,980 you could snap your fingers and solve 1687 00:59:25,500 --> 00:59:24,200 one aspect of industrial drone flight 1688 00:59:31,630 --> 00:59:25,510 what would it be 1689 00:59:33,640 --> 00:59:31,640 question I mean if you can solve the 1690 00:59:36,010 --> 00:59:33,650 detect and avoid problem for all 1691 00:59:37,780 --> 00:59:36,020 vehicles in all classes with a sample of 1692 00:59:40,270 --> 00:59:37,790 a finger that that was doing live right 1693 00:59:41,590 --> 00:59:40,280 so that that's that's the last layer 1694 00:59:43,690 --> 00:59:41,600 safety right how do you make sure that I 1695 00:59:45,270 --> 00:59:43,700 see that thing that's coming at me and 1696 00:59:48,370 --> 00:59:45,280 it's very close and I'm out of its way 1697 00:59:50,170 --> 00:59:48,380 that means one drone being able to see 1698 00:59:52,120 --> 00:59:50,180 another one coming and move each drone 1699 00:59:53,740 --> 00:59:52,130 could avoid the things that needs to 1700 00:59:55,870 --> 00:59:53,750 avoid whether they're static things on 1701 00:59:57,160 --> 00:59:55,880 the ground okay um maybe yesterday there 1702 00:59:58,870 --> 00:59:57,170 wasn't a crane there and today there is 1703 01:00:01,330 --> 00:59:58,880 a crane there right and that's not on my 1704 01:00:02,860 --> 01:00:01,340 maps how do I detect that as well as 1705 01:00:04,630 --> 01:00:02,870 other things flying in the air whether 1706 01:00:05,950 --> 01:00:04,640 it's a traditional Cessna with a real 1707 01:00:08,830 --> 01:00:05,960 pilot on board that can't see your 1708 01:00:10,690 --> 01:00:08,840 little drone yeah or maybe doesn't have 1709 01:00:13,810 --> 01:00:10,700 the same maneuverability as an urban air 1710 01:00:16,000 --> 01:00:13,820 mobility vehicle how do how do these 1711 01:00:17,680 --> 01:00:16,010 vehicles detect those problems and then 1712 01:00:19,600 --> 01:00:17,690 avoid them right if you could solve that 1713 01:00:21,700 --> 01:00:19,610 problem you you get a long way towards a 1714 01:00:23,470 --> 01:00:21,710 lot of the safety questions that need to 1715 01:00:24,940 --> 01:00:23,480 be answered yeah and there's a lot of 1716 01:00:25,960 --> 01:00:24,950 ways to do that and there's a lot of 1717 01:00:28,330 --> 01:00:25,970 folks working on that and there's some 1718 01:00:29,470 --> 01:00:28,340 very good solutions toward it but if it 1719 01:00:32,760 --> 01:00:29,480 could be universally solved that would 1720 01:00:37,630 --> 01:00:35,380 how about this one from hovercat will 1721 01:00:41,500 --> 01:00:37,640 the flight controllers and software 1722 01:00:41,950 --> 01:00:41,510 firmware be open-source it's something 1723 01:00:44,050 --> 01:00:41,960 to think about 1724 01:00:46,710 --> 01:00:44,060 yeah so that's an interesting question 1725 01:00:48,760 --> 01:00:46,720 for some of these vehicles you're their 1726 01:00:50,950 --> 01:00:48,770 manufacturers that are developing some 1727 01:00:52,570 --> 01:00:50,960 of these vehicles are have a whole host 1728 01:00:54,580 --> 01:00:52,580 of configurations and some of them are 1729 01:00:56,140 --> 01:00:54,590 working with the traditional flight 1730 01:00:57,460 --> 01:00:56,150 management computers or flight 1731 01:00:59,050 --> 01:00:57,470 management systems that you have in 1732 01:01:02,140 --> 01:00:59,060 commercial aircraft today and some are 1733 01:01:03,910 --> 01:01:02,150 some are you you know depending on the 1734 01:01:06,250 --> 01:01:03,920 safety cases as well as the secure 1735 01:01:08,920 --> 01:01:06,260 communication piece that's required it 1736 01:01:11,470 --> 01:01:08,930 might not be quite open-source but just 1737 01:01:13,390 --> 01:01:11,480 like we have simulators today that help 1738 01:01:15,750 --> 01:01:13,400 us understand the performance as well as 1739 01:01:17,340 --> 01:01:15,760 the controls for those vehicles I'm sure 1740 01:01:18,780 --> 01:01:17,350 something similar will be developed so 1741 01:01:20,700 --> 01:01:18,790 that folks out there who want to try 1742 01:01:22,710 --> 01:01:20,710 them out or can want to fly them and and 1743 01:01:25,290 --> 01:01:22,720 their own simulator will be able to do 1744 01:01:27,900 --> 01:01:25,300 so but as as the industry is developing 1745 01:01:29,670 --> 01:01:27,910 their tools they're pulling from you 1746 01:01:31,260 --> 01:01:29,680 know existing tools for flip for flight 1747 01:01:32,520 --> 01:01:31,270 controls today as well as developing 1748 01:01:34,560 --> 01:01:32,530 their own so it's kind of a mixed bag 1749 01:01:36,570 --> 01:01:34,570 right now okay yeah you know for the 1750 01:01:37,410 --> 01:01:36,580 small drones we're looking at in and 1751 01:01:39,510 --> 01:01:37,420 generally everything should be 1752 01:01:41,040 --> 01:01:39,520 performance based can you do that how 1753 01:01:42,540 --> 01:01:41,050 can you prove you can stay within the 1754 01:01:45,030 --> 01:01:42,550 bounds of a certain performance envelope 1755 01:01:46,950 --> 01:01:45,040 okay like I know I can control my 1756 01:01:48,570 --> 01:01:46,960 vehicle under all these conditions and I 1757 01:01:50,010 --> 01:01:48,580 can show you how I do that 1758 01:01:52,920 --> 01:01:50,020 mm-hmm now that may mean you use an 1759 01:01:55,110 --> 01:01:52,930 open-source pieces or everything's open 1760 01:01:56,850 --> 01:01:55,120 source or not I can't say that if there 1761 01:01:58,910 --> 01:01:56,860 was a single open source solution for a 1762 01:02:01,050 --> 01:01:58,920 piece of that and it was proven to 1763 01:02:03,000 --> 01:02:01,060 perform in a certain way then that would 1764 01:02:04,440 --> 01:02:03,010 be very valuable yeah but I don't think 1765 01:02:06,480 --> 01:02:04,450 it'll be a requirement that everyone 1766 01:02:10,380 --> 01:02:06,490 uses an open source in particular 1767 01:02:12,090 --> 01:02:10,390 element okay yeah yeah I see another 1768 01:02:13,880 --> 01:02:12,100 question here but you made me think of 1769 01:02:16,650 --> 01:02:13,890 it you mentioned the word security so 1770 01:02:18,150 --> 01:02:16,660 legit twitch channel s could drones be 1771 01:02:19,830 --> 01:02:18,160 subject to hackers will there be 1772 01:02:24,000 --> 01:02:19,840 security measures in place to repel 1773 01:02:24,930 --> 01:02:24,010 unwanted or harmful signals so the 1774 01:02:29,160 --> 01:02:24,940 answer the first question is yes 1775 01:02:31,560 --> 01:02:29,170 definitely I mean any any piece of IT 1776 01:02:33,150 --> 01:02:31,570 technology right it can be some 1777 01:02:36,270 --> 01:02:33,160 potentially that's right if it's not 1778 01:02:38,610 --> 01:02:36,280 built correctly so the answer is yes and 1779 01:02:42,480 --> 01:02:38,620 again it's part of not necessarily 1780 01:02:44,670 --> 01:02:42,490 getting to you want to be as secure as 1781 01:02:46,890 --> 01:02:44,680 possible at all layers but in general we 1782 01:02:49,290 --> 01:02:46,900 know that's not likely to happen so how 1783 01:02:50,520 --> 01:02:49,300 do you build enough layers and such that 1784 01:02:52,740 --> 01:02:50,530 as you layer them all on top of each 1785 01:02:54,210 --> 01:02:52,750 other that overall the whole thing stays 1786 01:02:55,890 --> 01:02:54,220 secure right it's kind of a Swiss cheese 1787 01:02:57,180 --> 01:02:55,900 approach they call if you layer the 1788 01:02:58,110 --> 01:02:57,190 Swiss cheese in certain ways you cover 1789 01:03:02,880 --> 01:02:58,120 up all the holes and you can't see 1790 01:03:04,860 --> 01:03:02,890 through it security I think that's what 1791 01:03:06,720 --> 01:03:04,870 you want to look at with these drones so 1792 01:03:08,790 --> 01:03:06,730 that even if a given drone was hacked 1793 01:03:10,230 --> 01:03:08,800 let's say that it can't cause damage to 1794 01:03:10,620 --> 01:03:10,240 the further system or the folks on the 1795 01:03:12,330 --> 01:03:10,630 ground 1796 01:03:14,370 --> 01:03:12,340 does it have other safety mechanisms to 1797 01:03:16,500 --> 01:03:14,380 make sure that no harm can really come 1798 01:03:18,390 --> 01:03:16,510 from that so there's a lot of work in 1799 01:03:19,740 --> 01:03:18,400 cyber security related to not just the 1800 01:03:21,480 --> 01:03:19,750 drones themselves but the traffic 1801 01:03:22,620 --> 01:03:21,490 management system as a whole that if 1802 01:03:22,800 --> 01:03:22,630 that was hacked that would be bad as 1803 01:03:23,760 --> 01:03:22,810 well 1804 01:03:24,920 --> 01:03:23,770 right so how do you build all these 1805 01:03:27,050 --> 01:03:24,930 layers and yeah 1806 01:03:29,090 --> 01:03:27,060 yeah I think security has to be the 1807 01:03:31,040 --> 01:03:29,100 vehicle itself the communication 1808 01:03:32,780 --> 01:03:31,050 protocols between the vehicles and their 1809 01:03:34,580 --> 01:03:32,790 operators so there's like Joey was 1810 01:03:36,650 --> 01:03:34,590 saying multiple layers of security are 1811 01:03:38,360 --> 01:03:36,660 really required so anything that's 1812 01:03:40,160 --> 01:03:38,370 learned from this fear of drones can be 1813 01:03:41,810 --> 01:03:40,170 obviously applied to other types of 1814 01:03:43,460 --> 01:03:41,820 vehicles as well so it's a question 1815 01:03:44,420 --> 01:03:43,470 that's something applicable for all all 1816 01:03:46,760 --> 01:03:44,430 vehicles 1817 01:03:48,440 --> 01:03:46,770 yeah all right good and general research 1818 01:03:49,970 --> 01:03:48,450 wise we like to consider security a 1819 01:03:51,260 --> 01:03:49,980 first-class citizen in the research 1820 01:03:52,790 --> 01:03:51,270 process right it's not something you 1821 01:03:54,560 --> 01:03:52,800 tack on at the end there's nothing you 1822 01:03:56,450 --> 01:03:54,570 make sure you're thinking about an 1823 01:03:58,280 --> 01:03:56,460 engaging industry within the FA with and 1824 01:03:59,480 --> 01:03:58,290 cybersecurity professionals with as you 1825 01:04:00,500 --> 01:03:59,490 build up the system because you don't 1826 01:04:02,570 --> 01:04:00,510 want to come up again with a great 1827 01:04:03,800 --> 01:04:02,580 technological solution that easily 1828 01:04:05,450 --> 01:04:03,810 hacked and the whole thing falls apart 1829 01:04:06,830 --> 01:04:05,460 breaks so you want to make sure its 1830 01:04:13,520 --> 01:04:06,840 robust from the beginning yeah exactly 1831 01:04:17,510 --> 01:04:13,530 consider that a long way yeah how third 1832 01:04:20,770 --> 01:04:17,520 I just totally butchered your name how 1833 01:04:23,990 --> 01:04:20,780 do you deal with increased radio traffic 1834 01:04:25,880 --> 01:04:24,000 yeah so I it there's probably a couple 1835 01:04:26,900 --> 01:04:25,890 pieces of that one is like overuse of a 1836 01:04:28,250 --> 01:04:26,910 given channel right there's just too 1837 01:04:31,130 --> 01:04:28,260 many people talking on his chat sake 1838 01:04:34,460 --> 01:04:31,140 right and there's also just kind of a 1839 01:04:35,960 --> 01:04:34,470 certain band being overused 1840 01:04:37,640 --> 01:04:35,970 for example command control we talked 1841 01:04:39,140 --> 01:04:37,650 about earlier that's one of the things 1842 01:04:41,210 --> 01:04:39,150 we looked at in our flight test in Reno 1843 01:04:43,280 --> 01:04:41,220 and Corpus Christi was for these small 1844 01:04:46,160 --> 01:04:43,290 drones command control different 1845 01:04:47,720 --> 01:04:46,170 different radio frequencies we use when 1846 01:04:49,700 --> 01:04:47,730 do they get saturated when do you have 1847 01:04:51,230 --> 01:04:49,710 problems with them turns out if you you 1848 01:04:52,220 --> 01:04:51,240 know if you fly near an apartment 1849 01:04:55,340 --> 01:04:52,230 building there's a lot of people with 1850 01:04:56,270 --> 01:04:55,350 Wi-Fi routers and if you're conflicting 1851 01:04:58,220 --> 01:04:56,280 with that you may have trouble 1852 01:04:59,840 --> 01:04:58,230 communicating with their drone these are 1853 01:05:01,490 --> 01:04:59,850 really known issues but actually kind of 1854 01:05:04,880 --> 01:05:01,500 taking a look at it in a real open 1855 01:05:07,160 --> 01:05:04,890 environment was important and I would 1856 01:05:08,960 --> 01:05:07,170 kind of add to that you would have you 1857 01:05:11,330 --> 01:05:08,970 would want to understand what kind of 1858 01:05:13,280 --> 01:05:11,340 concept would not saturate like a radio 1859 01:05:15,350 --> 01:05:13,290 frequency too much so you want to ensure 1860 01:05:17,630 --> 01:05:15,360 that any concept that's being developed 1861 01:05:19,460 --> 01:05:17,640 Joey has mentioned that air traffic 1862 01:05:21,830 --> 01:05:19,470 controllers may not want to be talking 1863 01:05:23,660 --> 01:05:21,840 to every one of those every one of those 1864 01:05:26,300 --> 01:05:23,670 UAM vehicles so that's part of the 1865 01:05:28,130 --> 01:05:26,310 concept so understanding hey how is this 1866 01:05:29,840 --> 01:05:28,140 actually gonna work that's a really 1867 01:05:31,970 --> 01:05:29,850 important part of ensuring that we don't 1868 01:05:33,950 --> 01:05:31,980 saturate certain pieces that we know 1869 01:05:36,410 --> 01:05:33,960 have limits to them and that includes 1870 01:05:37,800 --> 01:05:36,420 spectrum as well as frequency so that's 1871 01:05:39,660 --> 01:05:37,810 coast but that goes 1872 01:05:42,060 --> 01:05:39,670 to the foundational research what's the 1873 01:05:44,280 --> 01:05:42,070 concept of operations yeah a lot of what 1874 01:05:45,990 --> 01:05:44,290 you've been saying today is plan for 1875 01:05:48,060 --> 01:05:46,000 that right challenge 1876 01:05:51,230 --> 01:05:48,070 I know figure out what it is today and 1877 01:05:53,190 --> 01:05:51,240 yeah and plan around it yeah here's a 1878 01:05:55,380 --> 01:05:53,200 turbine air mobility question from 1879 01:05:56,910 --> 01:05:55,390 widget tricks channel again could this 1880 01:05:58,830 --> 01:05:56,920 research eventually lead to people being 1881 01:06:01,860 --> 01:05:58,840 able to own and operate their own air 1882 01:06:03,480 --> 01:06:01,870 taxi do you think that's coming yeah I 1883 01:06:05,910 --> 01:06:03,490 think there's gonna be lots of different 1884 01:06:08,460 --> 01:06:05,920 use cases and modes of flying I think 1885 01:06:10,590 --> 01:06:08,470 there's gonna be cases where some made 1886 01:06:12,900 --> 01:06:10,600 maybe some folks may be able to own 1887 01:06:15,930 --> 01:06:12,910 their own vehicles most likely you'll be 1888 01:06:17,940 --> 01:06:15,940 serviced like we use today we've seen a 1889 01:06:20,160 --> 01:06:17,950 big rise in service based technology 1890 01:06:22,650 --> 01:06:20,170 right so we're all used whether it's 1891 01:06:24,960 --> 01:06:22,660 vehicles or food delivery services yes 1892 01:06:28,170 --> 01:06:24,970 right so we've seen more of that coming 1893 01:06:30,720 --> 01:06:28,180 along so most likely urban air mobility 1894 01:06:32,760 --> 01:06:30,730 will be accessible as a surface service 1895 01:06:34,860 --> 01:06:32,770 but who knows right you know maybe we 1896 01:06:36,870 --> 01:06:34,870 can all really be the Jetsons so Joey's 1897 01:06:40,320 --> 01:06:36,880 vision of the future may come to life 1898 01:06:42,270 --> 01:06:40,330 yeah we're close it's funny I mentioned 1899 01:06:43,950 --> 01:06:42,280 the Jetsons and yet like when I told my 1900 01:06:45,840 --> 01:06:43,960 mom we were talking about drones on the 1901 01:06:48,120 --> 01:06:45,850 show today she said oh like the Bruce 1902 01:07:02,040 --> 01:06:48,130 Willis movie like element that was like 1903 01:07:03,690 --> 01:07:02,050 yeah mom exactly like that because a 1904 01:07:05,910 --> 01:07:03,700 question from hurricanes 1905 01:07:11,760 --> 01:07:05,920 what's your a reasonable tip for a 1906 01:07:14,130 --> 01:07:11,770 flying taxi driver great question so I 1907 01:07:15,690 --> 01:07:14,140 would say I go back to like the 1908 01:07:17,520 --> 01:07:15,700 foundation so what is the National 1909 01:07:18,720 --> 01:07:17,530 Airspace you gotta know your rules of 1910 01:07:20,850 --> 01:07:18,730 the road you have to know your 1911 01:07:22,800 --> 01:07:20,860 procedures you have to know your safety 1912 01:07:25,260 --> 01:07:22,810 and your certification aspects if you 1913 01:07:26,910 --> 01:07:25,270 know those right you can fly safely and 1914 01:07:28,890 --> 01:07:26,920 get to where you want to go from point A 1915 01:07:30,390 --> 01:07:28,900 to point B you have to have those 1916 01:07:32,160 --> 01:07:30,400 foundations just get like a driver's 1917 01:07:33,780 --> 01:07:32,170 license before you operate great you've 1918 01:07:36,330 --> 01:07:33,790 got to have some sort of certification 1919 01:07:38,490 --> 01:07:36,340 before you before you fly yeah for sure 1920 01:07:41,450 --> 01:07:38,500 yeah the old joke is what a Seabiscuit 1921 01:07:43,440 --> 01:07:41,460 in the third that's my tip so that's it 1922 01:07:46,110 --> 01:07:43,450 you guys actually understood that 1923 01:07:48,760 --> 01:07:46,120 question differently I was taking it I 1924 01:07:56,800 --> 01:07:48,770 was gonna say 10% 15% 1925 01:08:00,520 --> 01:07:56,810 my hairdresser what's the tip in a 1926 01:08:02,830 --> 01:08:00,530 right relationship it's awkward but am I 1927 01:08:04,720 --> 01:08:02,840 saying I want all of all of the advice 1928 01:08:05,980 --> 01:08:04,730 that she finds we gave I want my driver 1929 01:08:08,740 --> 01:08:05,990 yes 1930 01:08:10,030 --> 01:08:08,750 he Tyvek well read up on all of that 1931 01:08:11,800 --> 01:08:10,040 right right 1932 01:08:16,510 --> 01:08:11,810 all right well let's take a few more 1933 01:08:18,550 --> 01:08:16,520 yeah we have Joseph urban here says well 1934 01:08:21,960 --> 01:08:18,560 cargo air taxis be allowed to fly 1935 01:08:24,910 --> 01:08:21,970 autonomously before passenger air taxis 1936 01:08:27,849 --> 01:08:24,920 so maybe Joey and I will tag-team this 1937 01:08:31,660 --> 01:08:27,859 one but I'll start I think as autonomous 1938 01:08:33,280 --> 01:08:31,670 applications come forth certification I 1939 01:08:35,200 --> 01:08:33,290 go back to that because that's also part 1940 01:08:37,360 --> 01:08:35,210 of this how do you certify and an 1941 01:08:39,820 --> 01:08:37,370 autonomous system right so that's a 1942 01:08:41,940 --> 01:08:39,830 question that we have and we're doing 1943 01:08:44,860 --> 01:08:41,950 research to explore what that means 1944 01:08:47,650 --> 01:08:44,870 generally folks do believe you know car 1945 01:08:48,910 --> 01:08:47,660 flying cargo may come before flying 1946 01:08:51,490 --> 01:08:48,920 passengers right just as a natural 1947 01:08:53,410 --> 01:08:51,500 progression but there are still lots of 1948 01:08:55,630 --> 01:08:53,420 questions even if you're a cargo 1949 01:08:57,730 --> 01:08:55,640 autonomous flight mm-hmm yeah no I 1950 01:08:59,890 --> 01:08:57,740 totally agree I think but cargo stuff is 1951 01:09:01,769 --> 01:08:59,900 where we'll learn a lot probably before 1952 01:09:03,940 --> 01:09:01,779 the passenger stuff but that's a 1953 01:09:05,289 --> 01:09:03,950 somewhat separate question from how 1954 01:09:06,550 --> 01:09:05,299 autonomous they're allowed to be in the 1955 01:09:08,260 --> 01:09:06,560 air space how do they prove that they 1956 01:09:10,180 --> 01:09:08,270 can still stay safe you know you have 1957 01:09:12,280 --> 01:09:10,190 the benefit of not having people on 1958 01:09:13,480 --> 01:09:12,290 board but you still can't have it doing 1959 01:09:15,400 --> 01:09:13,490 bad things in the air space or to 1960 01:09:16,900 --> 01:09:15,410 anything on the ground right so there's 1961 01:09:18,789 --> 01:09:16,910 a lot of questions to answer but I would 1962 01:09:21,700 --> 01:09:18,799 guess yeah a lot of the things in cargo 1963 01:09:23,530 --> 01:09:21,710 would happen prior to passenger activity 1964 01:09:25,000 --> 01:09:23,540 mm-hmm make sense I think it goes back 1965 01:09:26,710 --> 01:09:25,010 to what you said Joey its performance 1966 01:09:28,510 --> 01:09:26,720 based solution right so let's understand 1967 01:09:30,010 --> 01:09:28,520 the performance of these vehicles and 1968 01:09:31,570 --> 01:09:30,020 then how do we integrate them into our 1969 01:09:32,910 --> 01:09:31,580 national air space you know those are 1970 01:09:35,440 --> 01:09:32,920 still the questions that need to be 1971 01:09:38,200 --> 01:09:35,450 resolved yeah always the same cool 1972 01:09:40,240 --> 01:09:38,210 here's a cool idea from space TV net 1973 01:09:42,510 --> 01:09:40,250 they're asking will augmented reality be 1974 01:09:45,789 --> 01:09:42,520 used to display virtual roads in the sky 1975 01:09:48,099 --> 01:09:45,799 could you do that yeah definitely can we 1976 01:09:49,480 --> 01:09:48,109 sort of have and we've seen it and we've 1977 01:09:51,099 --> 01:09:49,490 done a little bit here as well awesome 1978 01:09:53,140 --> 01:09:51,109 and the roads you know it can be as 1979 01:09:54,910 --> 01:09:53,150 simple as just you know cylinders that 1980 01:09:56,080 --> 01:09:54,920 you know you have to stay within but 1981 01:09:58,030 --> 01:09:56,090 again when we're getting to these beyond 1982 01:09:59,320 --> 01:09:58,040 visual insight things and there's not 1983 01:10:00,430 --> 01:09:59,330 necessarily a pilot on board for the 1984 01:10:03,300 --> 01:10:00,440 small drones 1985 01:10:06,459 --> 01:10:03,310 obviously be hard to carry a pilot um 1986 01:10:09,130 --> 01:10:06,469 you know it it is more about how much 1987 01:10:11,350 --> 01:10:09,140 can s be an autonomous operation right 1988 01:10:13,209 --> 01:10:11,360 but visualizing your plan visualizing 1989 01:10:16,330 --> 01:10:13,219 the airspace structure visualizing 1990 01:10:18,459 --> 01:10:16,340 different aspects of your operation 1991 01:10:20,470 --> 01:10:18,469 augmented reality could be a key part of 1992 01:10:22,410 --> 01:10:20,480 that we actually tested some of that in 1993 01:10:25,270 --> 01:10:22,420 Texas as well we had folks with the 1994 01:10:26,860 --> 01:10:25,280 goggles on looking at the data from the 1995 01:10:29,050 --> 01:10:26,870 air traffic side as well as the 1996 01:10:30,640 --> 01:10:29,060 management side of that and interacting 1997 01:10:32,410 --> 01:10:30,650 with the aircraft in the air in terms of 1998 01:10:34,000 --> 01:10:32,420 you know zooming in on them and saying 1999 01:10:36,670 --> 01:10:34,010 information that's available digitally 2000 01:10:39,040 --> 01:10:36,680 so you could see folks managing in a 2001 01:10:40,900 --> 01:10:39,050 dense environment maybe just being aware 2002 01:10:42,310 --> 01:10:40,910 of everything that's going on it could 2003 01:10:43,660 --> 01:10:42,320 have a lot of value so yeah a lot of 2004 01:10:45,760 --> 01:10:43,670 some work is actually going on in that 2005 01:10:47,890 --> 01:10:45,770 direction already that's awesome that 2006 01:10:52,689 --> 01:10:47,900 seems like a perfect use for that kind 2007 01:10:56,350 --> 01:10:52,699 of psychology yeah yeah we have a 2008 01:10:57,850 --> 01:10:56,360 question here from Megaman bxr do you 2009 01:11:00,100 --> 01:10:57,860 think drones will play a bigger part in 2010 01:11:04,630 --> 01:11:00,110 crime prevention ie monitor the streets 2011 01:11:05,650 --> 01:11:04,640 overhead in real time etc we already 2012 01:11:07,959 --> 01:11:05,660 know that a lot of public safety 2013 01:11:10,840 --> 01:11:07,969 organizations are looking at using 2014 01:11:13,150 --> 01:11:10,850 drones more and more um yeah and if you 2015 01:11:14,200 --> 01:11:13,160 think about safety and security one of 2016 01:11:15,820 --> 01:11:14,210 the big things we've seen a lot of 2017 01:11:17,320 --> 01:11:15,830 success on you can just see it in the 2018 01:11:21,310 --> 01:11:17,330 news is you know search and rescue 2019 01:11:23,709 --> 01:11:21,320 operations cities are able to buy these 2020 01:11:25,270 --> 01:11:23,719 drones that can actually see heat on the 2021 01:11:27,930 --> 01:11:25,280 ground so at night they can be flying 2022 01:11:32,250 --> 01:11:27,940 and see a lost child in a field right 2023 01:11:34,300 --> 01:11:32,260 and and then send folks to that location 2024 01:11:36,520 --> 01:11:34,310 you know obviously you can do a lot of 2025 01:11:37,930 --> 01:11:36,530 good things with drones right yeah one 2026 01:11:39,700 --> 01:11:37,940 of the other use cases is a fire 2027 01:11:40,900 --> 01:11:39,710 department wanting to send a drone out 2028 01:11:42,729 --> 01:11:40,910 ahead of the truck because it can get 2029 01:11:44,830 --> 01:11:42,739 there faster to survey the scene before 2030 01:11:46,450 --> 01:11:44,840 the people get there to fight the fire 2031 01:11:48,910 --> 01:11:46,460 mm-hmm that's another use case that 2032 01:11:51,340 --> 01:11:48,920 people envision again the airspace has 2033 01:11:53,050 --> 01:11:51,350 to be ready for that go back to the the 2034 01:11:53,709 --> 01:11:53,060 hot dog drones you they have to get out 2035 01:11:56,080 --> 01:11:53,719 of the way of that 2036 01:11:59,890 --> 01:11:56,090 that fire drone coming through right so 2037 01:12:01,510 --> 01:11:59,900 without a unified a system to share that 2038 01:12:04,390 --> 01:12:01,520 information you can't really make that 2039 01:12:07,720 --> 01:12:04,400 happen completely but yeah there's a lot 2040 01:12:10,450 --> 01:12:07,730 of interest in from police and fire and 2041 01:12:11,849 --> 01:12:10,460 other agencies to use these for the 2042 01:12:13,439 --> 01:12:11,859 things that they already do 2043 01:12:15,540 --> 01:12:13,449 I think we already see a lot of 2044 01:12:17,520 --> 01:12:15,550 emergency response applications right I 2045 01:12:19,379 --> 01:12:17,530 think with the recent fires here in 2046 01:12:20,279 --> 01:12:19,389 California we saw some of that here as 2047 01:12:23,729 --> 01:12:20,289 well 2048 01:12:24,889 --> 01:12:23,739 and the tools provided a great insight 2049 01:12:27,209 --> 01:12:24,899 for some of those for example 2050 01:12:29,219 --> 01:12:27,219 firefighters to fight to fight the fires 2051 01:12:31,859 --> 01:12:29,229 that were we're blazing and then also 2052 01:12:33,270 --> 01:12:31,869 for like volcanic eruptions there's been 2053 01:12:35,879 --> 01:12:33,280 you there's been a whole host of other 2054 01:12:37,770 --> 01:12:35,889 use cases for surveying and providing 2055 01:12:39,359 --> 01:12:37,780 emergency response but like Joey was 2056 01:12:41,159 --> 01:12:39,369 saying we need the rules of the road 2057 01:12:42,419 --> 01:12:41,169 there right how these aircraft are going 2058 01:12:43,949 --> 01:12:42,429 to operate or these drones are gonna 2059 01:12:45,689 --> 01:12:43,959 operate to really enable them to do 2060 01:12:47,250 --> 01:12:45,699 their missions right and we think about 2061 01:12:47,879 --> 01:12:47,260 you know Public Safety keeping the 2062 01:12:49,619 --> 01:12:47,889 public safe 2063 01:12:51,839 --> 01:12:49,629 but these drones can actually keep the 2064 01:12:53,639 --> 01:12:51,849 first responders safe as well right so 2065 01:12:55,979 --> 01:12:53,649 they can send a drone to the top of roof 2066 01:12:57,750 --> 01:12:55,989 to see bad guys or whatever it might be 2067 01:12:59,129 --> 01:12:57,760 or someone who might help without 2068 01:13:01,439 --> 01:12:59,139 actually putting people in harm's way 2069 01:13:03,270 --> 01:13:01,449 first right yeah so a bublik safety does 2070 01:13:05,339 --> 01:13:03,280 go both ways so there's a lot of really 2071 01:13:07,439 --> 01:13:05,349 good uses for this in the police and 2072 01:13:08,909 --> 01:13:07,449 fire realm right and in some cases like 2073 01:13:10,799 --> 01:13:08,919 in a testing I didn't know in Corpus 2074 01:13:12,419 --> 01:13:10,809 Christi we had the fire department there 2075 01:13:14,009 --> 01:13:12,429 with their drone as well so working 2076 01:13:15,750 --> 01:13:14,019 closely with the research in helping 2077 01:13:17,369 --> 01:13:15,760 exactly yeah we had the fire department 2078 01:13:18,839 --> 01:13:17,379 as well Corpus Christi police and fire 2079 01:13:21,500 --> 01:13:18,849 were great partners awesome they're 2080 01:13:24,750 --> 01:13:21,510 organized by the FAA test site in Texas 2081 01:13:26,279 --> 01:13:24,760 and again they had drones already in 2082 01:13:28,020 --> 01:13:26,289 their inventory they're using them 2083 01:13:29,790 --> 01:13:28,030 permissions already you're participating 2084 01:13:31,619 --> 01:13:29,800 with us in the flight testing right yeah 2085 01:13:33,599 --> 01:13:31,629 getting some feedback on the concept as 2086 01:13:35,069 --> 01:13:33,609 a whole and us understanding how they 2087 01:13:37,109 --> 01:13:35,079 are to use their drones and make sure 2088 01:13:38,639 --> 01:13:37,119 that the traffic management system and 2089 01:13:40,049 --> 01:13:38,649 the concept still accommodates what they 2090 01:13:41,459 --> 01:13:40,059 would like to do yeah it's really 2091 01:13:43,919 --> 01:13:41,469 important to get that feedback early and 2092 01:13:45,569 --> 01:13:43,929 often so yeah we're already seeing these 2093 01:13:47,009 --> 01:13:45,579 agencies do that and the police were 2094 01:13:49,020 --> 01:13:47,019 interested in using it obviously to 2095 01:13:50,250 --> 01:13:49,030 identify drones right like if in the 2096 01:13:51,419 --> 01:13:50,260 future there's more of these in the air 2097 01:13:52,409 --> 01:13:51,429 they want to know that they're supposed 2098 01:13:53,489 --> 01:13:52,419 to be there or they're allowed to be 2099 01:13:55,979 --> 01:13:53,499 there or they're doing something good 2100 01:13:57,359 --> 01:13:55,989 and not bad so uh police who have an 2101 01:13:59,279 --> 01:13:57,369 interest in knowing that the airspace is 2102 01:14:01,979 --> 01:13:59,289 safe around the public as well of course 2103 01:14:03,389 --> 01:14:01,989 yeah yeah yeah I have a question here 2104 01:14:05,469 --> 01:14:03,399 that's making me picture the fifth 2105 01:14:08,449 --> 01:14:05,479 elements and 2106 01:14:10,459 --> 01:14:08,459 dohno asks with drones you can have many 2107 01:14:12,339 --> 01:14:10,469 many small missions starting and ending 2108 01:14:14,419 --> 01:14:12,349 constantly so how do you ensure 2109 01:14:16,040 --> 01:14:14,429 efficient use of airspace with an 2110 01:14:18,049 --> 01:14:16,050 unknown number of vehicles entering the 2111 01:14:20,000 --> 01:14:18,059 airspace at any time it sounds like a 2112 01:14:21,739 --> 01:14:20,010 lot of unknowns there's a lot of 2113 01:14:24,589 --> 01:14:21,749 potential groans yeah and I think you do 2114 01:14:26,569 --> 01:14:24,599 want to take a step approach right a 2115 01:14:29,080 --> 01:14:26,579 gradual approach you know we don't have 2116 01:14:31,790 --> 01:14:29,090 to build the system right now to handle 2117 01:14:32,989 --> 01:14:31,800 20,000 operations a minute than a city 2118 01:14:33,979 --> 01:14:32,999 block right they don't have to have that 2119 01:14:36,979 --> 01:14:33,989 system ready today 2120 01:14:39,469 --> 01:14:36,989 yeah but how can you start to enable 30 2121 01:14:41,540 --> 01:14:39,479 40 50 operations over a city at once 2122 01:14:43,159 --> 01:14:41,550 right and then you'll start to see where 2123 01:14:45,350 --> 01:14:43,169 there are some issues with them sharing 2124 01:14:46,549 --> 01:14:45,360 the airspace or information so that they 2125 01:14:47,779 --> 01:14:46,559 can all accomplish what they want to do 2126 01:14:48,979 --> 01:14:47,789 and it slowly you can build up those 2127 01:14:50,750 --> 01:14:48,989 densities and that's kind of an our 2128 01:14:52,219 --> 01:14:50,760 approach in the research yeah and we see 2129 01:14:53,540 --> 01:14:52,229 that approach being adopted as well in 2130 01:14:54,890 --> 01:14:53,550 industry right as they come up with 2131 01:14:57,259 --> 01:14:54,900 standards around this based on our 2132 01:14:59,600 --> 01:14:57,269 research to help inform the use of the 2133 01:15:01,459 --> 01:14:59,610 airspace they're not looking to solve 2134 01:15:02,959 --> 01:15:01,469 the problem 20 years from now they want 2135 01:15:04,790 --> 01:15:02,969 to enable more and more operations today 2136 01:15:07,069 --> 01:15:04,800 and tomorrow and it is that scaled 2137 01:15:08,149 --> 01:15:07,079 approach so we'll come up with those 2138 01:15:09,319 --> 01:15:08,159 solutions we want to make sure that the 2139 01:15:11,299 --> 01:15:09,329 architecture and the concept will 2140 01:15:14,330 --> 01:15:11,309 support them in the future don't box off 2141 01:15:16,489 --> 01:15:14,340 any solutions and and it's it's gonna 2142 01:15:18,319 --> 01:15:16,499 work it's it's gonna work and I would 2143 01:15:20,779 --> 01:15:18,329 even up level that complexity right so 2144 01:15:22,520 --> 01:15:20,789 you can have drones operating below 400 2145 01:15:24,350 --> 01:15:22,530 feet then above that you could have 2146 01:15:27,319 --> 01:15:24,360 these electric urban air mobility 2147 01:15:29,239 --> 01:15:27,329 vehicles flying across urban centers and 2148 01:15:30,770 --> 01:15:29,249 then above that your commercial air 2149 01:15:32,600 --> 01:15:30,780 traffic so how do you have 2150 01:15:34,699 --> 01:15:32,610 interoperability across all of those 2151 01:15:36,080 --> 01:15:34,709 layers and that same density of 2152 01:15:38,810 --> 01:15:36,090 operations and that's actually where 2153 01:15:40,580 --> 01:15:38,820 where the real fun research is kind of 2154 01:15:42,890 --> 01:15:40,590 like where where some of our work comes 2155 01:15:44,629 --> 01:15:42,900 into play is how do you have that air 2156 01:15:46,129 --> 01:15:44,639 traffic management system to support all 2157 01:15:48,589 --> 01:15:46,139 of these new entrants and all this 2158 01:15:50,419 --> 01:15:48,599 density of operations we respect in the 2159 01:15:52,489 --> 01:15:50,429 future right I'd raise you one up level 2160 01:15:53,899 --> 01:15:52,499 right now go 60,000 feet right so really 2161 01:15:56,029 --> 01:15:53,909 additional air traffic and then you have 2162 01:15:59,000 --> 01:15:56,039 folks that want to fly over 60,000 feet 2163 01:16:00,620 --> 01:15:59,010 rows no not maybe autonomous vehicles 2164 01:16:01,909 --> 01:16:00,630 maybe not but how do they show that 2165 01:16:03,439 --> 01:16:01,919 airspace up there with autonomous 2166 01:16:05,089 --> 01:16:03,449 vehicles how do they get up there first 2167 01:16:06,979 --> 01:16:05,099 and the phrase in an efficient way it's 2168 01:16:08,980 --> 01:16:06,989 actually busy exactly so all these 2169 01:16:11,290 --> 01:16:08,990 things have to interoperate and 2170 01:16:14,140 --> 01:16:11,300 to work well together yeah that's a 2171 01:16:19,750 --> 01:16:14,150 level of cartoon yeah oh I love space 2172 01:16:23,350 --> 01:16:19,760 for you don't take maybe one more 2173 01:16:25,420 --> 01:16:23,360 question are there well we have a 2174 01:16:27,100 --> 01:16:25,430 question here what was the biggest 2175 01:16:28,630 --> 01:16:27,110 barrier for you personally getting hired 2176 01:16:29,920 --> 01:16:28,640 but we always get questions like this 2177 01:16:32,710 --> 01:16:29,930 and people want to know like how did you 2178 01:16:36,900 --> 01:16:32,720 get started at NASA and you know yeah 2179 01:16:40,120 --> 01:16:36,910 yeah your background exactly sure so um 2180 01:16:41,560 --> 01:16:40,130 so I'm an aerospace engineer so that's 2181 01:16:43,450 --> 01:16:41,570 what I studied in school that's what I 2182 01:16:45,520 --> 01:16:43,460 got my my bachelor's and my master's in 2183 01:16:48,280 --> 01:16:45,530 and to be honest I've always been 2184 01:16:50,230 --> 01:16:48,290 passionate about aircraft and flight and 2185 01:16:52,570 --> 01:16:50,240 specifically flight controls and that's 2186 01:16:54,820 --> 01:16:52,580 how I got started but I think there's a 2187 01:16:56,680 --> 01:16:54,830 whole host of opportunities and avenues 2188 01:16:59,200 --> 01:16:56,690 I don't think you have to study 2189 01:17:01,210 --> 01:16:59,210 aerospace engineering or necessarily 2190 01:17:03,400 --> 01:17:01,220 even just aero so there's there's a 2191 01:17:05,260 --> 01:17:03,410 whole different set of fields and 2192 01:17:07,350 --> 01:17:05,270 disciplines that make our research a 2193 01:17:10,000 --> 01:17:07,360 reality right we have people who are 2194 01:17:12,370 --> 01:17:10,010 psychologists engineers you know 2195 01:17:14,200 --> 01:17:12,380 analysts people who work with data so 2196 01:17:15,580 --> 01:17:14,210 there's a you can really do anything 2197 01:17:17,470 --> 01:17:15,590 it's all I think it's all about the 2198 01:17:19,060 --> 01:17:17,480 passion if you're interested in kind of 2199 01:17:21,370 --> 01:17:19,070 seeing how we can push the bounds you 2200 01:17:23,620 --> 01:17:21,380 bring in all of these new entrants bring 2201 01:17:24,970 --> 01:17:23,630 in an innovation into air traffic 2202 01:17:26,850 --> 01:17:24,980 management I think there's so many ways 2203 01:17:29,920 --> 01:17:26,860 you could come in and play a role here 2204 01:17:31,390 --> 01:17:29,930 and just to illustrate that with this 2205 01:17:34,750 --> 01:17:31,400 drone traffic management project that we 2206 01:17:35,860 --> 01:17:34,760 had we had folks that were Aero 2207 01:17:37,330 --> 01:17:35,870 engineers that are important to 2208 01:17:38,860 --> 01:17:37,340 understanding the system and how the 2209 01:17:41,770 --> 01:17:38,870 vehicles work and and all those sorts of 2210 01:17:44,590 --> 01:17:41,780 things I'm a computer engineer so I'm 2211 01:17:46,090 --> 01:17:44,600 not an aero engineer by training so 2212 01:17:47,170 --> 01:17:46,100 that's important in kind of building 2213 01:17:48,490 --> 01:17:47,180 help the systems we had a lot of 2214 01:17:50,560 --> 01:17:48,500 computer scientists computer engineers 2215 01:17:52,630 --> 01:17:50,570 helping with this as well and then you 2216 01:17:54,940 --> 01:17:52,640 do get systems engineers and physicists 2217 01:17:56,770 --> 01:17:54,950 and other folks that really matter and 2218 01:17:58,660 --> 01:17:56,780 doing these human factors people right 2219 01:17:59,890 --> 01:17:58,670 that understand again Siobhan Julie was 2220 01:18:01,210 --> 01:17:59,900 talking earlier about what are these new 2221 01:18:03,190 --> 01:18:01,220 control systems look like how do people 2222 01:18:04,540 --> 01:18:03,200 interact with them it's a completely new 2223 01:18:06,790 --> 01:18:04,550 system we're talking about so I don't 2224 01:18:08,290 --> 01:18:06,800 really know how the human needs to 2225 01:18:10,480 --> 01:18:08,300 interact that's gonna impact them 2226 01:18:13,090 --> 01:18:10,490 exactly and what makes what makes their 2227 01:18:14,530 --> 01:18:13,100 job easier or harder right so all of 2228 01:18:16,030 --> 01:18:14,540 those kind of folks are really important 2229 01:18:18,150 --> 01:18:16,040 in building out a system like UTM and 2230 01:18:19,380 --> 01:18:18,160 that's what we had on our team yeah 2231 01:18:21,450 --> 01:18:19,390 it sounds like it makes sense really 2232 01:18:22,950 --> 01:18:21,460 you've talked about so many aspects of 2233 01:18:24,450 --> 01:18:22,960 this work to profess its different 2234 01:18:27,090 --> 01:18:24,460 layers you kept saying different layers 2235 01:18:29,040 --> 01:18:27,100 of the system you need so many different 2236 01:18:30,690 --> 01:18:29,050 perspectives on that so that's awesome 2237 01:18:32,820 --> 01:18:30,700 that's good news for people out there 2238 01:18:34,950 --> 01:18:32,830 yeah it really does take a team I think 2239 01:18:36,570 --> 01:18:34,960 it you have a team with a whole wide 2240 01:18:38,370 --> 01:18:36,580 range of disciplines that really allows 2241 01:18:40,710 --> 01:18:38,380 some of this technology to come to light 2242 01:18:41,700 --> 01:18:40,720 right sounds like it it's a great place 2243 01:18:43,530 --> 01:18:41,710 to solve hard problems 2244 01:18:45,030 --> 01:18:43,540 that's what Aeronautics really offers 2245 01:18:46,890 --> 01:18:45,040 and I think what it brings a lot of 2246 01:18:48,180 --> 01:18:46,900 people that's what brought me in it's a 2247 01:18:51,030 --> 01:18:48,190 good place to solve really hard problems 2248 01:18:52,920 --> 01:18:51,040 I make an impact fascinating awesome 2249 01:18:55,080 --> 01:18:52,930 yeah well this has been awesome and 2250 01:18:57,390 --> 01:18:55,090 thank you guys for joining us maybe we 2251 01:18:59,250 --> 01:18:57,400 can just about run out of time but thank 2252 01:19:01,170 --> 01:18:59,260 you for being here and thank you to 2253 01:19:03,480 --> 01:19:01,180 everybody who joined us in the chat on 2254 01:19:05,610 --> 01:19:03,490 twitch we'll be back in the new year so 2255 01:19:08,490 --> 01:19:05,620 follow NASA on social media to hear 2256 01:19:10,410 --> 01:19:08,500 about upcoming shows and to see past 2257 01:19:13,920 --> 01:19:10,420 episodes of this show you can check out 2258 01:19:16,860 --> 01:19:13,930 nasa.gov slash Ames slash NASA in